Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Background and Aim: The tendency of residents of non-urban areas to move to urban areas due to lack of resources and the use of technologies and facilities of urban life has led to an increase in the population of cities. These challenges have led to greater focus by urban planning and sustainable development officials on realizing sustainable smart city development. For this purpose, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating the factors affecting the realization of sustainable smart cities.
Methods: The statistical population includes all experts and specialists in the field of sustainable smart cities in the Tehran metropolis, which, due to lack of information and access to this population and its uncertainty, was assumed to be unlimited and uncertain according to statistical perspectives. The statistical sample of this population was determined based on the Cochran formula to be at least 385 experts, which ultimately resulted in 392 samples. After a comprehensive literature review, 20 initial factors were extracted.
Findings and Conclusion: Then, using the Delphi approach and the opinions of 60 available experts, 14 final key factors were identified. In order to evaluate the factors in terms of importance in realizing a sustainable smart city, the technique of “Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis” and the opinions of 60 experts were used. The evaluation result in Excel software indicates that the eleventh influential factor (smart investment) with the highest weight is placed in the first priority, and the fifth factor (smart governance) and the second (smart economy) were placed in the 2nd and 3rd priorities. Also, the tenth factor (information and communication technology) was placed in the lowest priority. In the next stage, using the binomial test method in SPSS software and collecting the opinions of 392 experts and experts through the third questionnaire, they were asked to announce the level of readiness of Tehran metropolis to realize the key factors of a sustainable smart city with more focus and with a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the study showed that the level of preparedness is below average to above average and overall, there is average preparedness, but it requires serious attention and care from city officials for proper planning. At the end of the study, practical suggestions were presented.

Abstract Background and Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of strategic human resource management operations on organizational commitment of employees of the Hamedan City Fire Department.
Methods: In terms of method, it is a correlational research, in terms of purpose, it is an applied research, and in terms of data collection method, it is a quantitative research. The statistical population in the section of examining the relationship between research variables and testing hypotheses includes 176 personnel of the Hamadan Province Fire Department during 2023. The statistical sample was estimated to be 131 people using the Krejci and Morgan table with a simple random method. The strategic human resource management variable was measured with a 14-question questionnaire by Chang and Hong (2005) and organizational commitment with a 24-question questionnaire by Allen and Meyer (1996). Also, in relation to the evaluation of strategic human resource management operations and their ranking with a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process approach, the opinions of 30 experts from the organization under study were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of path analysis and structural equation modeling approach with Smart-PLS software indicate that strategic human resource management had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees of Hamedan Province Fire Department. Also, the variables of selection in the organization, training measures in the organization, human management performance evaluation measures, promotion opportunities, performance-based rewards, information sharing, and job security had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees. Finally, the output of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process showed that the second factor (training measures in the organization) with the highest weight is ranked first, and the fourth factor (performance-based reward) is ranked second. Also, the seventh factor (human management performance evaluation measures) is ranked last (seventh) in terms of importance. Therefore, appropriate planning for effective employee training and planning a performance-based reward system in the organization will have a significant effect on the implementation of the strategic human resource management system and ultimately the organizational commitment of employees.

Abstract Background and Aim:Notably, researchers have found a consistent relationship between start-up intention (how likely an individual is to pursue a new venture) and entrepreneurship education intentions (how likely an individual is to pursue entrepreneurship education).However, despite the benefits of entrepreneurship education, many people without entrepreneurial knowledge continue to start new companies.The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurship education with the moderating role of entrepreneurial enthusiasm in Science and Technology Park of Kerman city.
Methods:This research is applied in terms of purpose.In terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-survey type.The statistical population of this research is the entrepreneurs of knowledge-based companies under the Kerman Science and Technology Park, which is about 150 people.The selected sample of this research was 99 of these people.The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire and the data analysis tool was SPSS and Smart-PLS software of version 4.The research findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial enthusiasm.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education. Also, the findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education. Finally, the findings showed that there is no significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education. The findings of the research model also showed that this model is well fitted. At the end, practical suggestions based on the output of each of the research hypotheses were presented to the studied organization. By placing entrepreneurial intention in the foreground, not only the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention has received less attention in the literature, but also the role of entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education has been less discussed. Also, the high failure rate of start-ups shows that entrepreneurship training has received less attention from educational centers. On the other hand, none of the studies carried out in the past have examined the relationship between the three components of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial enthusiasm, while considering the conditions of the country and the increasing risks of creating a business, the existence of effective and practical training It is very necessary and it is a problem that can have a significant impact on the creation and development of businesses and reducing their failure rate, and this review can help to form more effective trainings in this field.

Abstract Background and Aim: Adapting to quality operations in the 4.0 industry has become one of the most important challenges of recent industries; because in order to compete and survive in markets that are compatible with the advanced technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, industries are forced to use high-quality, innovative and intelligent systems of this revolution. The main objective of this study is to analysis and assessment the challenges of adapting quality management operations in the Northwest region rubber industry to the 0.4 industry.
Methods: The research method is based on the purpose and method of data collection of the applied-descriptive type and in terms of analysis, qualitative (Delphi) and quantitative research (statistical test and multi-criteria decision-making technique). The statistical population of this study is experts and specialists of companies active in the rubber industry with sufficient knowledge of the quality management system, especially the dimensions and challenges of the industry 4.0, whose number is assumed to be unlimited due to their unknown nature. In order to access a sufficient sample, questionnaires were designed online and provided to the subjects. The number of samples required to test the main hypothesis of the research: ("There is an inappropriate gap between the current and desired state of quality management 4.0 in the industry") and to appropriately assess the challenges through the Morgan and Krejci sampling table is 384. Finally, after continuous follow-up by the researcher, supplementary questionnaires for 395 experts were provided online in Excel software. In order to identify key challenges in the industry, the Delphi method was used and fifteen indicators were confirmed. Paired comparison tests and t-statistics were used to examine the current and desired state.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that the industry is in a favorable situation in seven challenges and is somewhat far from the desired situation in eight challenges, which requires serious attention and planning from managers; but overall, the industry's situation is somewhat favorable in terms of all challenges. Finally, the SWARA technique was used to rank the challenges in terms of importance for coping. The output showed that the fourth key challenge (lack of skills) with the highest weight is ranked first, and the thirteenth challenge (cybersecurity and data protection) and the first (lack of management support) were ranked second and third. Also, the fifteenth challenge (internet speed) was ranked last with the least importance. Finally, practical suggestions were presented to the industry.

Abstract Background and Aim: In recent years and after the fourth industrial revolution took place at the conference in Germany, researchers and industrialists have investigated the influencing factors of this revolution in various industries. On the other hand, they have realized the effect of these factors in improving the stability of production. This study aims to describe the key dimensions of the fourth industrial revolution, to investigate the impact of these dimensions on urban environmental and social sustainability, and to prioritize these dimensions in terms of importance in the zinc industry of Zanjan city. For this purpose, after presenting the conceptual model of the influencing dimensions of the fourth industrial revolution on environmental and social sustainability, six proposed hypotheses were tested. The statistical population consisted of industry experts and specialists with high knowledge and experience, and due to being unknown and unlimited, 384 samples were obtained by using Cochran's table, and finally 410 online questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The content validity of the designed questionnaire questions was confirmed by the opinions of industry and academic experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.823 using SPSS software.
Methods and Material:  The research method is applied-descriptive-survey in terms of goal and data collection. The output of the hypotheses test with the path analysis approach and SPLS software showed the confirmation of all the hypotheses and the positive impact of the dimensions on the sustainability of the industry, and the value of goodness of fit of the model was calculated as 0.302. In the following, with the weighted arithmetic mean method, the mentioned dimensions were re-evaluated by experts and the prioritization of the dimensions was determined.
Results and Discussion: The result indicates that "artificial intelligence" with the most weight was ranked first, and the dimensions of "blockchain technology" and "Internet of things" were ranked second and third. Also, the dimension "robotics" with the least weight was placed in the sixth priority. At the end, practical suggestions were presented to the industry.

Abstract Background and Aim: The main goal of this research is to investigate the influencing factors of green human resources management on green supply chain management practices and sustainable performance of Zanjan city.
Methods and Material: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and quantitative in terms of analysis. The statistical population consists of 80 urban experts with sufficient knowledge and understanding of the research variables, and due to the small number of the population, all the experts were used as samples. The conceptual model of the research was proposed by the researcher by combining previous studies and completing the concepts, which consists of 5 main hypotheses. In order to test the hypotheses, the path analysis approach with SPLS software was used.
Results and Discussion: The result of the test indicates a positive effect: "green human resource management practices on green supply chain management practices (internal and external) and sustainability performance" and "internal and external green supply chain management practices on sustainability performance". Then, using the technique of "Preference weighting evaluation ratio analysis" and experts' opinions, the three main structures of the research were evaluated and their priorities were determined. The result showed that the first structure (green human resource management methods) was ranked first in terms of influencing sustainable urban performance, so its methods (development and training, empowerment, reward, performance management, recruitment) were again available to experts and specialists through a questionnaire. was placed and their final evaluation was done. The final analysis showed that the second method (empowerment of human resources) with the highest weight is in the first priority of improving the state of sustainable urban performance. For this purpose, city officials should try to attract people who prioritize environmental concerns, develop their sustainability skills, evaluate their performance from an environmental perspective, and motivate environmentally responsible behavior.