Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Inflation, as one of the most significant economic variables, has profound effects on the economic development process of countries. This study examines the mutual impacts of inflation and aspects of economic development in Iran and Iraq, aiming to analyze the relationships between the inflation rate and various economic variables such as production, agriculture, industry, dependency, education, and health.
Method: This study analyzes the impact of inflation on different dimensions of economic development using long-term data from 1990 to 2024 for both countries. The data were collected from reliable sources such as the World Bank and were evaluated using tests like the Dickey-Fuller test, Johansen cointegration test, and Granger causality test to assess the relationships between the variables. Regression models were also employed to examine the effects of inflation on each dimension of economic development.
Findings: The results indicate that all economic indicators in both countries are stationary, and there are significant relationships between the inflation rate and economic variables. In Iran, an increase in the inflation rate is associated with a slight increase in GDP, but it has considerable negative effects on the agriculture, health, and education sectors. In Iraq, inflation is considered a driver of economic growth, although its negative effects on health and education are also evident.
Conclusion: This research emphasizes that controlling inflation can contribute to improving economic conditions and achieving sustainable development in Iran and Iraq. Furthermore, the findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for policymakers and economic analysts in formulating effective strategies for inflation management and supporting economic growth. Given the profound impact of inflation fluctuations on human and economic development, further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these complex relationships.

Abstract Background and Objective: Migration, as an influential demographic event, creates significant changes in the structure and distribution of the population. Migration, not only as a phenomenon, but also as a metaphenomenon (an event that occurs due to the context and situation in which people live), has arisen from numerous economic, social, political, and cultural factors. For this reason, the causes and motivations of migration can be examined from different dimensions. Migration from Iran is a complex and multidimensional issue that has attracted much attention in recent years. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of economic factors on migration from Iran, with a special focus on the misery index (sum of inflation and unemployment).
Methodology The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and the documentary-library method was used to collect information. All data on the desired variables were used annually for the period 2000 to 2022. The self-explanatory method with distributional lags was used to examine the relationship between variables. The models presented to examine the effects of lags are known as distributional lag models, one of the most recent methods for these studies is the self-explanatory distributional lags or ARDL method.
Findings and Conclusion: The research findings indicate that the variables population, poverty index and GDP have a significant effect on migration from Iran, but the Gini coefficient inequality index does not have a significant effect on migration. . The poverty index also has a significant and positive effect on migration. . On the contrary, economic growth has a significant and negative effect on migration, so that a one percent increase in economic growth can reduce the migration rate by 0.1 percent. The results show that three key factors population growth, poverty rate and economic growth directly affect the migration process from Iran. With the increase in population, the pressure on the country's economic and social resources intensifies. In conditions where job opportunities and public services are not developed, people may migrate in search of better living conditions.

Abstract Background and Objective: Investigating the factors affecting the unemployment rate as one of the most important macroeconomic indicators has been one of the topics studied by many researchers, scholars, and policymakers. The existence of a stable and balanced relationship between inflation and unemployment is very important and fundamental for maintaining international competitiveness in the economy. Uncontrolled inflation can greatly reduce the country's competitiveness by increasing production costs, reducing export competitiveness, and attracting less foreign investment. . Given the importance of the issue, the main objective of this study is to investigate the asymmetric effects of inflation on the unemployment rate in Iraq.
Methodology: In this study, the quantile regression method was used to investigate the asymmetric effects of inflation on the unemployment rate in Iraq during the period 1995 to 2023.
Findings and Conclusion: The results show that the inflation rate had a positive and significant effect on the unemployment rate, and these effects were strengthened in the high quantiles of the unemployment rate. Also, according to the results, the effects of inflation on the unemployment rate in Iraq were symmetric. According to these results, it can be concluded that the Phillips curve, which indicates an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment rate, is not confirmed in Iraq. Therefore, to improve the unemployment rate, supply-side policies should be used and demand-side policies should be avoided.