Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Maritime development is recognized as a key approach for enhancing economic growth and social welfare in coastal regions, especially in the Makran coast. This paper, using a theoretical-documentary methodology, analyzes the social impacts of maritime development with an emphasis on the smart specialization approach. Smart specialization, which focuses on identifying the unique capacities and advantages of each region, can serve as an effective strategy for guiding sustainable development and social justice. Findings indicate that the Makran coast, with economic advantages such as maritime transportation, fisheries, energy, and tourism, possesses significant potential to generate employment, improve public services, and increase social participation of local communities. However, challenges such as inequality in access to basic services, widespread poverty, high unemployment rates, unmanaged migration, and weak social capital hinder the realization of balanced and sustainable development. Maritime development without adequate attention to social dimensions and local participation may exacerbate regional disparities, increase informal settlements, and cause resource degradation. In this context, the smart specialization approach, by emphasizing community empowerment, endogenous innovation, and equitable distribution of benefits, can reduce negative impacts and strengthen positive outcomes. Accordingly, policymakers should pursue development pathways that are economically successful as well as socially just and inclusive by establishing mechanisms for community participation, comprehensive social impact assessments, and fair resource allocation. This paper provides a theoretical and analytical framework for maritime development policy in the Makran coast, which could serve as a model for other maritime regions in the country.

Abstract Urban solid waste management is a multifaceted process in its general sense and has different components. The way waste is contained should also be such that it can be used to advance economic, environmental, social and sustainable development goals. In this regard, the aim of this study is to determine the best waste disposal methods in accordance with the current conditions of Mahabad city by providing a waste management system model. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to help optimize the Solid Waste Management System of Mahabad.
The status of Mahabad Waste Management in terms of the quantity and quality of waste and how it is managed in each of the stages of Solid Waste Management is examined and the model of Solid Waste Management System is presented according to economic and environmental criteria. The research method is descriptive, analytical, and the method of collecting information in the form of a library was a field in the municipal areas. The results of this study show that the waste management situation in Mahabad was not favorable in its various stages, but due to the potential, a large part of the problems facing it can be solved by taking basic management measures. Research also showed that reducing waste production and separation from Origin are among the waste management practices that have high efficiency.

Abstract Urban sustainability is a concept that seeks sustainable development in the world as a model of a new word was introduced the roots of dissatisfaction with the attitude of sustainable development with resource development and physical growth, economic and social returns in the cities of Landscape ecology the population increase in recent years cities have faced physical expansion so the world in which we live is constantly changing, so having a system to coordinate planning between the housing and construction sector with other sectors and between the components that create the (land transport systems, etc.) with infrastructure, public facilities, social services, etc. is an absolute necessity the study aims to identify and evaluate the sustainability of the city housing index in Ahvaz Metropolis is studied the study has a 'development - functional "and a combination of research methods" descriptive, analytical, field and library “ It should be noted in this study, the spatial approach in the form of TOPSIS model using 24 variables in the index composition is used.Finally, to analyze the results of software ArcGIS, VISIO, GRAFER, EXCEL and other programs is required based on the results for the one-dimensional variables and physical development status of Ahvaz during the studied period, showing the vast differences in the eight urban area.
Finally, based on TOPSIS statistics statistical average of 0.379 percent region with TOPSIS 0.583 percent to 0.184 percent, the highest and the lowest was fifth district.It is based on the results zones two, three, four and a TOPSIS amount higher than average Therefore, attention and planning in housing indicator system, in the eight urban districts of Ahvaz is necessary

Abstract Background and Objective: Sustainable development in OPEC member countries is influenced by various factors, including human development, energy consumption, and oil exports. A precise understanding of the long-term effects of these factors can assist economic policymakers in formulating effective strategies for sustainable regional economic growth. The aim of this study is to examine the long-term relationships between human development, energy consumption, and oil exports with sustainable development in OPEC countries.
Methodology: This applied research utilizes annual data from the period 2000 to 2021 and conducts an econometric analysis of the mentioned variables using the PMG-ARDL method within a panel data framework. The data were collected and analyzed from reputable international sources.
Findings and Conclusion: Given the structural dependence of OPEC economies on oil revenues and their vulnerability to price fluctuations, adopting a comprehensive approach to economic policymaking is essential. The results of this study indicate that, despite the positive role of oil exports in sustainable development, unmanaged and inefficient energy consumption can have adverse effects on economic and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the weak impact of human development on sustainability highlights the need to reassess the quality and direction of human capital investments in these countries. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers focus on enhancing energy efficiency, diversifying income sources, and strengthening human infrastructure to pave the way for balanced, resilient, and long-term development—one that not only fosters economic growth but also increases countries' resilience to external shocks.

Abstract Purpose and Background: Sports tourism, as one of the dynamic economic and cultural sectors, plays a significant role in the sustainable development of regions with natural potential. Mazandaran Province, with its diverse water, mountainous, and coastal attractions, has considerable capacity for this type of tourism. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the sustainable development of sports tourism in Mazandaran city.
Methodology: The present study was applied research conducted using a qualitative approach through thematic analysis. The statistical population included professors and experts in sports management, tourism specialists, urban planning experts, tourism agency managers, and Ph.D. researchers in sports management and tourism. The research sample was selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 experts until theoretical saturation was achieved. The validity of the study was confirmed by relevant specialists, and the reliability was obtained through the intra-subject agreement method with a coefficient of 87%.
Findings: The results indicated that the study identified 87 key points, 14 concepts, and 6 main categories. These main themes included: individual and communication characteristics of sports tourists, smart services and sustainable tourism safety, sports tourism destination marketing, sports tourism resource management, branding and credibility building in sports tourism, and sustainable tourism development requirements. Accordingly, the sustainable development of sports tourism requires coordinated interaction among human, infrastructural, managerial, and environmental factors. It is recommended that policymakers and tourism stakeholders in Mazandaran adopt an integrated approach, prioritize long-term planning based on local capacities, strengthen infrastructure, and provide training for specialized human resources.

Abstract Introduction: With increasing global concerns about climate change and the need to reduce energy consumption in line with sustainable development, optimizing energy consumption in educational buildings has gained special importance due to their key role in consumption patterns and direct impact on user comfort and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate energy performance and provide optimization solutions in four newly built schools in Babol city, including Noshirvani, Shokoh, Barakat Foundation, and Shahrabi, in a temperate and humid climate.
Research Methodology: This applied study was conducted based on field observations, detailed simulation in DesignBuilder software based on the EnergyPlus engine, and climate analysis with Climate Consultant. The schools studied were less than 5 years old, and solutions such as thermal insulation of the roof and walls with polystyrene, adjusting the comfort temperature of cooling and heating systems, utilizing natural ventilation, replacing conventional windows with low-emission glass, and installing 30 kW solar panels were evaluated.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the total energy consumption index of schools varied between 58.8 and 66 kWh/m2/year. Insulation reduced energy consumption by 11 to 20.7%, and comfort temperature regulation alone resulted in savings of 16 to 19%. Natural ventilation also reduced the cooling load by 4.4 to 10% and total energy consumption by 2.2 to 5%. Simultaneous implementation of the solutions resulted in a 22 to 24% reduction in energy consumption. Economic analysis also showed that the solar system is very financially justified.

Abstract Background and Objective: Given the importance of school sport in promoting health, strengthening social capital, and achieving sustainable development goals, it is essential that school sport programs be designed within a coherent framework grounded in spatial justice. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to explain the model of cultural adaptation for the sustainable development of school sport in rural and urban areas.
Methodology: This applied study employed a qualitative research design using thematic analysis. The study population consisted of sport management faculty members, experienced physical education administrators and experts from the Ministry of Education, policymakers, and specialists in sport planning and education in the country. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 15 experts, which continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Trustworthiness was ensured based on four criteria credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability and reliability was established through an inter coder agreement of 90%.
Results and Findings: The findings revealed that the model of cultural adaptation for the sustainable development of school sport comprised 41 key points, 11 concepts, and four main categories: strengthening and empowering service infrastructures, sustainable management and planning, sustainable development requirements and factors, and sustainable environmental knowledge management. These categories indicate that achieving cultural adaptation for the sustainable development of school sport requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach encompassing infrastructural, managerial, social, and environmental dimensions. Synergy among service improvement, sustainable planning, policy support, and the enhancement of environmental knowledge can facilitate the institutionalization of sport culture in rural and urban schools. Accordingly, simultaneous attention to spatial justice, intersectoral participation, and resource management plays a decisive role in ensuring the sustainability of school sport programs.

Abstract Background and Objective: With increasing environmental pressures and the growing need for clean energy, the use of biofuels has been considered as a solution to improve the sustainability of the agricultural supply chain. This study aimed to analyze the role of biofuels in the sustainable development of the agricultural supply chain using a systematic, focus group, and computational intelligence-based modeling approach.
Methodology: In the first stage, a systematic review method based on the PRISMA guideline was used to identify key variables. With the participation of 20 experts in the focus group format, the most important influential parameters, including biofuel production technology, support policies, energy infrastructure, and economic and environmental indicators, were identified. Subsequently, random forest algorithms and Relief feature selection were used to analyze the data.
Results and Findings: The modeling showed that the random forest algorithm was able to effectively cluster supply chains with different levels of sustainability with an accuracy of 85% (AUC=0.98). Clustering indicated that indicators such as direct employment generation in rural areas, pollution reduction, energy cost reduction, and distance to processing centers had the greatest impact on promoting sustainability, while the type and amount of biofuel consumed had a lesser impact. The findings indicate that sustainable development of the agricultural supply chain requires a focus on improving production technologies, biofuel infrastructure, targeted support policies, and educational programs for farmers.While providing a new framework for integrating renewable energies into the agricultural supply chain, it can provide a basis for policy decisions and optimization strategies to achieve sustainable development in the agricultural sector of Iran and other developing countries.

Abstract Background and Objective: Border regions face serious security and development challenges. Rapid global changes have exposed these regions to new threats and opportunities. For this reason, foresight regarding these regions is of great importance. In this regard, the present study, with a futures approach, has analyzed the key role of parameters affecting security and sustainable development in the border city of Kamyaran.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection tools are in the form of library sources and documents and survey (questionnaire). The research area is the city of Kamyaran. The statistical sample of this research is 40 experts in the field of urban planning and sociology.
Findings and Results: The Delphi method and the cross-effects matrix (Micmac) were used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that out of 27 parameters affecting security and sustainable development in border cities, 19 parameters were identified as key and influential, and these variables have the most and least impact on the future of security and sustainable development in the border city of Kamyaran. and finally, the results showed that in terms of direct impact, the parameters of terrorist threats, unemployment rate, and crime rate are in the first to third positions with scores of 71, 66, and 65, respectively, and the parameters that have an indirect impact on security and sustainable development in the border city of Kamyaran are terrorist threats, crime rate, and unemployment rate with scores of 160,403, 151,603, and 147,612, respectively. The general results of this research showed that the border city of Kamyaran is in a critical situation in terms of security and sustainable development. However, the findings of this study can serve as a valuable guide for decision-makers, planners, and investors to take appropriate measures to create a brighter future for this city.

Abstract Background and Objective: The advancement of digital technologies and the emergence of the metaverse have introduced new spatial and social dimensions to urban life, reshaping patterns of interaction, participation, and identity formation. Within this evolving context, social sustainability-one of the core dimensions of sustainable urban development-requires renewed analytical attention. This study investigates the impact of the metaverse on urban social sustainability, focusing on the city of Urmia as a case study.
Methodology: This research employs a mixed analytical methodology. In the first phase, the readiness of Urmia’s technological and spatial infrastructures for the development of an urban metaverse was assessed, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Web-based spatial platforms, Internet of Things (IoT), big data infrastructures, and communication networks. In the second phase, empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire to examine the relationship between the extent of metaverse use and key dimensions of social sustainability. Data analysis was conducted using linear regression models in SPSS. The examined dimensions of social sustainability include social cohesion, social participation, sense of place and urban identity, and social equity and accessibility.
Results and Findings: The results reveal that metaverse use has a positive and statistically significant effect on social cohesion, social participation, and urban identity, with the strongest impact observed on urban identity. Although the relationship between the metaverse and social equity and accessibility was positive, it did not reach statistical significance at the 95% confidence level. Overall, the findings suggest that the metaverse, if supported by inclusive infrastructure development and appropriate urban governance frameworks, can serve as an effective instrument for strengthening urban social sustainability.

Abstract Background and Objective: Contemporary development approaches emphasize endogenous capacities and stakeholder participation as essential elements of sustainable local development. Tourism, as a multidimensional phenomenon, contributes not only to economic growth but also to socio-cultural vitality, infrastructure improvement, and environmental management. Soltaniyeh, home to the globally significant Soltaniyeh Dome, possesses substantial tourism capacities whose developmental role requires systematic evaluation from the perspective of local stakeholders.
Methodology: This applied, descriptive–analytical study employed a field survey method. The statistical population included residents of Soltaniyeh, with 385 participants selected via random sampling. Data were collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Reliability was confirmed (α = 0.915). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test (test value = 3), and one-way ANOVA using SPSS and Minitab.
Results and Findings: All four tourism capacity dimensions (economic, socio-cultural, service–infrastructural, environmental) demonstrated mean scores above the neutral value, with statistically significant results (p < 0.05). The economic dimension showed the strongest perceived impact. ANOVA results confirmed significant differences among dimensions, indicating that tourism’s economic influence is more pronounced than other effects. Findings align with Social Exchange Theory, suggesting stakeholder support is driven by perceived net benefits. Tourism capacities in Soltaniyeh significantly contribute to local development, particularly in economic terms. Sustainable and participatory planning is essential to maximize benefits while maintaining socio-cultural and environmental balance.

Abstract Background and Aim: The tendency of residents of non-urban areas to move to urban areas due to lack of resources and the use of technologies and facilities of urban life has led to an increase in the population of cities. These challenges have led to greater focus by urban planning and sustainable development officials on realizing sustainable smart city development. For this purpose, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating the factors affecting the realization of sustainable smart cities.
Methods: The statistical population includes all experts and specialists in the field of sustainable smart cities in the Tehran metropolis, which, due to lack of information and access to this population and its uncertainty, was assumed to be unlimited and uncertain according to statistical perspectives. The statistical sample of this population was determined based on the Cochran formula to be at least 385 experts, which ultimately resulted in 392 samples. After a comprehensive literature review, 20 initial factors were extracted.
Findings and Conclusion: Then, using the Delphi approach and the opinions of 60 available experts, 14 final key factors were identified. In order to evaluate the factors in terms of importance in realizing a sustainable smart city, the technique of “Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis” and the opinions of 60 experts were used. The evaluation result in Excel software indicates that the eleventh influential factor (smart investment) with the highest weight is placed in the first priority, and the fifth factor (smart governance) and the second (smart economy) were placed in the 2nd and 3rd priorities. Also, the tenth factor (information and communication technology) was placed in the lowest priority. In the next stage, using the binomial test method in SPSS software and collecting the opinions of 392 experts and experts through the third questionnaire, they were asked to announce the level of readiness of Tehran metropolis to realize the key factors of a sustainable smart city with more focus and with a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the study showed that the level of preparedness is below average to above average and overall, there is average preparedness, but it requires serious attention and care from city officials for proper planning. At the end of the study, practical suggestions were presented.

Abstract Background and Objective: One of the main challenges of urban management is population imbalances and inappropriate population distribution at the level of metropolitan areas. The instability of the rural population and continued migration have caused fundamental challenges in cities. The aim of the present study was to identify the causes and consequences of rural-to-urban migration in Maragheh city from the perspective of rural migrants in this city.
Methodology: This was done using a descriptive-analytical method and a survey method. The statistical population of the study included all residents of the marginal areas of Maragheh city who had migrated and settled in this neighborhood for at least 4 years, of which 384 migrant residents were determined as the sample size. These samples were selected using a simple random method. To assess the effects of rural-to-urban migration, three important and fundamental parts of repulsion, attraction, and migration outcomes were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the study show that among the repulsive factors of the economic sustainability of villages, the factor of "the absence of an agricultural Jihad service center in the village along with the limited seasonality of jobs in the village" has the greatest impact. Among the reasons for the social sustainability of the origin, the lack of welfare facilities and the lack of recreational facilities were the most agreed upon among the studied samples. The inappropriateness of the communication routes of the villages and the low possibility of accessing technical and educational facilities in the villages were identified as the most important factors for the physical sustainability of the origin, according to the migrants. The existence of job diversity, the right to choose, and the permanence of work in the city were the main economic attractions of the city for the rural migrants of Maragheh.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: West Azerbaijan Province, due to its geographical and economic characteristics, has undergone significant changes in the labor market and employment. This study aims to investigate the trends in employment changes across three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services during the years 2011, 2016, and 2021. The primary objective of this research is to identify the pattern of employment changes and its impact on the urban development of West Azerbaijan Province.
Research Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study, and the data were collected from library resources and the statistical yearbooks of the country and province. For data analysis, the Shift-Share model was utilized to assess the impact of national and structural factors on employment, and the Location Quotient model was used to differentiate between primary and non-primary jobs.
Findings and Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal that between 2011 and 2021, employment in the agricultural and industrial sectors decreased, with the share of employment in agriculture falling from 37.2% to 30.4%, and in industry from 24.8% to 22.3%. In contrast, the public services sector experienced significant growth, with the share of employment in this sector increasing from 23.1% to 30.1%. These changes indicate a shift in labor from the agricultural and industrial sectors to the services sector. The main conclusion of the research shows that employment in agriculture and industry has declined and shifted towards services, highlighting the need for a balanced strengthening of these sectors for sustainable urban development.

Abstract Background and Aim: Tourism is one of the most important factors affecting the economic growth and development of contemporary societies. Tourism has been defined as a tool for marginal economic mobility, promotion, and development through the creation of employment and income, which has been greatly expanded during the past few decades. One of the most attractive branches of the tourism industry that has received more attention in recent years is water tourism.
Methods and Material: The purpose of this study is to investigate, feasibility and partially realize the vision of tourism development and to provide macro strategies and find the potential of water structures for the development of water tourism. The present type of research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, it is a survey based on field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of this research includes 376 university managers and experts in the fields of tourism, water science, and urban planning, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. For scientific analysis, the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and the T-test in SPSS software has been used. the results obtained from the analysis of information show that in the current situation, the greatest possibility of realization is related to environmental and socio-economic indicators; The research findings show a positive and meaningful relationship between water tourism and sustainable development of the studied area; as with a significance level of 0.000 and 99% confidence; In order and on average, environmental (3.1), socio-cultural (2.9) and economic (2.9) indicators have the most positive and favorable impact, but hydraulic indicators (2.8) have the least impact. Has had the effect.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained are based on the SWAT strategic model, which includes internal factors; strengths and weaknesses, and external factors; opportunities, and threats. According to the scoring of the items in the research, the total score of internal factors is 2.83 (strengths 1.023 and weaknesses 1.81) and external factors 3.03 (opportunities 1.35 and threats 1.68). Therefore, the best strategy for realizing the water tourism model in the study area is the aggressive strategy of SO or strengthening and using external opportunities with a focus on strengths. The findings of this research can be used to design development policies and expand planning for the future of Khuzestan province; and help to compile the executive guidelines for tourism and recreational activities in the field of water resources and water facilities notified by the Ministry of Energy to the relevant executive body.

Abstract  
Background and Aim: Today, tourism is one of the main sources of income in many countries. Tourism development, in addition to paying attention to the infrastructure of the industry, requires comprehensive planning of understandable encouragement factors by tourists. Biophilic urban planning, which has been implemented in the 1990s, is a comprehensive approach to many factors of practical solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to model the planning and biofilic approach to tourism in Mahabad.
Methodology:  The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the biofilic tourism. Research data was collected in a library as well as in the field through the questionnaire. Coronbach's alpha coefficient has been used using content validity and also has an acceptable coefficient of 0.77.
Findings and Conclusion:  The results of the study indicate that both the research hypotheses were confirmed and the Biofilic Indicators in Mahabad have been affected by emotional image, perceptual image, oral advertising, and intention to visit tourists, and the most influential of the mouth -to -mouth advertising factor The least impact was related to the intention to visit tourists. Also, according to the research experts, the first biophyllic city index needed for the study area is to increase parks in the urban hierarchy.

Abstract Background and Aim: By providing the necessary facilities and services in various economic, social, cultural, etc. sectors in small cities, these types of cities can develop their rural sphere of influence by stabilizing the rural population and attracting the surplus labor force of the villages. spatialize the population and services in the urban hierarchy system at the national and regional levels. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the role of the formation of small towns in the sustainable development of surrounding rural areas (case study of Shavor city). Methods: According to the nature of the subject and the goals that are foreseen for it, it is descriptive-analytical and among applied researches. Statistical society, the population of Shahrshavor is 8833 people (Census 1395), the sample size is 368 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the data, spss software, T-test and Friedman's test were used.The findings show that the average economic index is (3.70), environmental physical index (3.77) and socio-cultural index (3.79). Also, based on the rating of the Friedman test, the status of access to medical and health services with an average of 3.89, access to educational centers with the average of 3.88 and the state of access to public libraries with an average of 3.85 were ranked first to third. Findings and Conclusion The result is that the economic, physical, environmental, socio-cultural process has various components and criteria, and reaching the most favorable state requires the alignment and integration of all components and sustainability criteria.Master's degree in rural geography, rural development management.

Abstract Background and Aim: Sustainable development (SD) is an ideological solution to the current problems of developing cities moving toward a brilliant future where environmental resources are maintained for generations to come. Urbanism is expanding rapidly, exploitation of resources and waste production increases, and urban sprawl is turning green lands into gray-lands. The city of Kazerun will face serious challenges of development, in the future; in such a situation, the question is: what kind of plans and what strategies can be presented for the future development of the city? And in what dimensions and with what answers does the sustainable development approach come? Sustainable development seems to provide assurances of future generations by providing clever strategies and thought-provoking development.
Methods: The theoretical basis of this research is based on documentary-library studies for specifies the criteria. Research data related to the case study has been gathered through field observations, deep interviews, and referrals to developmental entities, and has been developed and analyzed in a Delphi technique by a SWOT table. The strategies extracted from the SWOT tables were evaluated with AHP logic and, using the Delphi reciprocating process. The score of each strategy was calculated in Expert Choice software.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that observance of social justice, promotion of social welfare, economic prosperity, sustainable transportation methods, and also intelligent energy management in various social, economic and environmental dimensions due to City Development Strategic plan will be the most effective ways to deal with the challenge facing the development of the city of Kazerun.

Abstract Background and Aim: Various approaches have been presented to achieve urban balance and sustainability, one of these approaches is the ecologic city. The aim of this research is to clarify the need to pay attention to the creation of the urban ecological approach in Iran urban planning system in order to achieve sustainable development.
Methods: This research is practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. The method of collecting data documents and content analysis.
Findings and Conclusion: The research results show that urban ecological approach in many regions of the world has been taken. In Iran, in many cities under the influence of global developments and the implementation of various urban plans, the economic factor has become the main determining factor, and the developments of the current century. In fact, the oil-based economy, excessive population density, the concentration of activities and the frequency of construction and Instruments have resulted in the physical growth and expansion of urban centers and the destruction of the natural ecosystem of the country's cities; Although measures have been taken in some cities of the country to achieve an ecological city, it cannot be claimed that the construction of an ecological city has been completed in Iranian cities; however the necessity and need for creating and planning an ecological city is arisen every day for the cities.

Abstract Background and Aim: Strengthening rural entrepreneurship as an effective lever in accelerating economic growth and social empowerment plays an important role in the process of rural development. Meanwhile, there are capabilities and obstacles that by identifying them, in addition to the growth and development of entrepreneurship among rural communities, can provide the grounds for achieving sustainable development. Considering the place of entrepreneurship in the process of rural development and the need to identify obstacles and challenges in this field, the aim of this research is to identify the obstacles and challenges of entrepreneurship development in Zafarabad Village, the results of which will help strengthen entrepreneurship and economic development of the studied area.
Methods: The current research is of applied type, and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is 567 people of Zafarabad village, according to Morgan's standard table, 200 people were selected as a sample. A systematic random method is used to select the samples. In order to understand the basic variables of the research and summarize them, factor analysis model (varimax rotation method) is used for confirmatory and exploratory purposes. In this method, after removing the ineffective items, the most important effective factors in the capabilities and obstacles of entrepreneurship development in the village are identified and analyzed in order of priorities.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research showed that this village has the potential and capabilities of entrepreneurship, but the level of entrepreneurship development in it is low, among the existing obstacles, individual factors have the greatest impact on the development of rural entrepreneurship in the studied area.

Abstract Background and Aim: n recent years, the environmental crisis has been one of the main concerns of human beings. Increasing energy consumption and its impact on the future of the environment has made the design of buildings with a sustainable architectural approach of particular importance. Meanwhile, the physical structure and shape of schools, their environmental and technological qualities, have a great impact on education, culture and achieving a livable world. The main purpose of this study is to achieve the physical characteristics effective in promoting sustainable architecture in schools, so that the physical environment of the school becomes an educational tool for learning environmental issues and sustainable development.
Methods: The present article is of applied type and is a qualitative and descriptive analytical research method. Data collection is based on documentary studies, review of texts, sources and experiences that lead to the extraction of a conceptual model. Finally, the physical indicators derived from the model are analyzed in a case study (François Mitterrand School) and solutions are proposed to design the educational space based on the physical indicators of sustainable development.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that the components that promote sustainability in the educational environment include four main components: physical, environmental, social and economic. In the meantime, the physical component can turn a school into an educational tool for environmental issues and its characteristics include the use of daylight, improving indoor air quality, communication with natural elements, space design to support environmental activity, conscious choice Materials are physical flexibility, reduction of energy consumption through the body and the use of stability elements, which also affect the case study.

Abstract Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the important role of the transportation system in sustainable urban development, it is important to adopt appropriate policies in the urban transportation sector and develop sustainable transportation as one of the main areas of urban growth.. Green transportation means sustainable transportation with the least negative effects on the environment, which according to the current conditions of the world, we should seek to achieve this and use modern technologies to reduce the environmental effects caused by transportation. The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of using green transportation in improving the living conditions of Iranian cities.
Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. The method of collecting information was document-library and content analysis.
Findings and Conclusion: The research results show; Today, special attention has been paid to the approach of green urban transportation in many regions of the world. In Iran, in many cities under the influence of global developments and the implementation of various urban plans, the economic factor has become the main determining factor and the developments of the current century and the oil-based economy have resulted in excessive population density, the concentration of activities and the frequency of constructions, the growth and physical expansion of urban centers and the destruction of the natural ecosystem of the country's cities; However, in some cities of the country, measures have been taken to achieve urban green transportation but the necessity of creating and planning to use this model is felt more and more every day, considering the problems that have arisen for the cities of the country;  And in the following, suggestions and solutions are provided for the implementation of this approach.

Abstract Background and Aim: Development, as a concept, has been associated with various meanings, interpretations, and theories. Development is an evolutionary process whereby human capacity is increased to start new structures, solving problems, adapting to constant changes, and deliberately and creatively striving to achieve new goals. Forests are increasingly recognized as a key element for sustainable development and support several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), some of which include reducing hunger and poverty, regulating fresh water, climate practices, health and welfare, and biodiversity. One of the most important indices used to assess deforestation is the Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is used to assess forest change trends. The results of all studies that examined NDVI index will be questionable in the term of Sustainable Development Goals. This study investigates the trend of NDVI vegetation index during the period 2001 to 2018 based on the MODIS data in Malard city.
Methods: In this study, the MODIS vegetation data at a resolution of 1 km were used. The vegetation data, abbreviated MOD13A3, is monthly and with a 1 kilometer spatial resolution. This data covers 830 points for Malard city, so that it can be surveyed in 1×1 kilometers of 830 points in the city. Since based on research conducted by Farajzadeh et al. (2011:107), May to August have the highest NDVI, this index was extracted only in the highest NDVI months, ie May, June, July and August. The data were subdivided into three-year intervals and the rate of change was extracted based on the index introduced by the United Nations for sustainable development goals. Then annual land use was obtained for a deeper examination.in the final step we used an analytic-description method to describe the results in the connection with sustainable development goals.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that a decreasing trend was observed in the percentage of NDVI area in May, June and July between -0.03 and -0.9% in month. So that, under the maximum NDVI months, it was found that the amount of Barren increased about 9 km² every 6 years and the amount of areas covered by forests and green plants decreased about 8 km² every 6 years. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the measures and plans regarding prevent desertification in the city that will meet the goals of sustainable development

Abstract Background and Aim: Considering that urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated policy to solve the problems of cities in a way that leads to the improvement of livability indicators and the quality of life of citizens and as a result of providing sustainable urban development, the purpose of this research is to explain the criteria of urban regeneration. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is a case study of Tehran's 10th district (Brianak neighborhood(
Methods: The research is of a descriptive and analytical type, and it was carried out in a library and field method in such a way that books, articles, and reliable scientific and research databases were used to collect data, and for its analysis, Questionnaire and spss have been used. The statistical population of the research was the 10th district of Tehran and Briyank neighborhood.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research show that if the quality of living in this neighborhood is improved through the improvement and renovation of dilapidated structures, it is possible to provide services and open and green spaces in the neighborhood and improve the residential role of the neighborhood. It increased the desirability of living conditions in it. If urban-scale functions and uses are established in the neighborhood, it will provide the grounds for more visits to the neighborhood and can provide the grounds for creating new jobs and economic prosperity in the neighborhood. The most important issue to get out of the existing conditions of the neighborhood, and succeed in urban regeneration in it, is to improve the socio-economic structure, and it goes without saying that without the involvement and participation of the residents, who are the most important and main groups facing the problems of this neighborhood. This issue will not go anywhere.

Abstract Background and Aim: Today, development is a concern of many countries with the aim of improving the quality of human life. In order to achieve the desired development pattern or the correct use of resources and opportunities and the fair distribution of facilities, people's participation is the main and pivotal strategy. Accordingly, the present study examines and evaluates the feasibility of indicators of active public participation in line with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress.
Methods:The type of applied-comparative research and research method is content analysis and library and field information methods have been used in conducting research. In the field method, a questionnaire technique was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes 50 elites and available experts. SPSS statistical software and one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the questionnaire data and also the SWOT strategic model was used to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables studied in the present study and the feasibility of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress. Therefore, the studied independent variables affect the feasibility of the model. Also, the results of Kruskal-Wallis test have shown that the tendency of people to participate in relation to the indicators and variables measured in order to achieve the model is in a favorable position. The results of the SWOT model in relation to the status of the pattern as well as the scoring of the relevant factors indicate the choice of offensive strategy in the direction of action.