Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Abstract
Background and Objective: Cities, particularly metropolises, in the contemporary era have undergone profound spatial and physical transformations under the simultaneous influence of global megatrends (economic globalization, technological advancements, accelerated urbanization, smart city development, vertical growth, and environmental sustainability) and domestic trends (expansion of informal settlements, emergence of high-rise construction and apartment living, deteriorated urban fabrics, inefficiency in urban land management, and infrastructural limitations).
This study, focusing on the metropolis of Tabriz — as one of Iran's historical, industrial, and cultural centers — examines the manner and extent of impact of these megatrends on the physical structure, spatial patterns, neighborhood identity, urban landscape, spatial inequalities, and overall quality of the urban environment. The primary objective is to identify points of conflict and interaction between global and local trends and to address the gap in integrated studies in this domain.
Methodology: The present research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and is primarily based on the perspectives of local experts. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondent population consisted of 50 specialists and professionals active in the field of urban planning and development in Tabriz. Scores were collected on a 0–100 scale, averaged, and analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Findings and Conclusion: Descriptive results derived from the views of 50 urban planning experts and practitioners in Tabriz indicate that the impact of global and domestic megatrends on the physical structure and environmental quality of Tabriz is evaluated as moderate to relatively high (mean scores predominantly ranging between 62 and 73 on the 0–100 scale). The strongest consensus among experts centered on the following points:
- High-rise construction and skyscrapers have exerted a significant negative impact on the physical appearance of the city and its traditional identity (mean = 73). The current pattern of vertical development shows insufficient compatibility with the cultural and climatic characteristics of Tabriz (mean = 70.5).
- The expansion of informal settlements and deteriorated urban fabrics has acted as one of the most important factors generating socio-spatial discontinuity, urban inequalities, and spatial development incoherence (means ranging from 60.5 to 70). Tabriz and other Iranian metropolises still exhibit relative backwardness in the utilization of big urban data and smart city technologies (means ranging from 66.5 to 71.5). In contrast, modern technologies and urban smartization are assessed by experts as having high positive potential for improving energy efficiency, reducing pollution, increasing urban resilience, and enhancing overall urban environmental quality (means ranging from 67 to 72.5). Overall, global trends (vertical development, smartization, sustainability) and domestic trends (deteriorated fabrics, informal settlement, inefficient land management) in Tabriz simultaneously create both opportunities and challenges. Vertical development without cultural-local adaptation and the uncontrolled expansion of dysfunctional fabrics has severely threatened neighborhood identity, urban landscape, and social cohesion; meanwhile, smartization and emerging technologies can serve as key corrective levers for reducing spatial inequalities, enhancing resilience, and steering sustainable development. These findings indicate that the metropolis of Tabriz is at a critical stage of physical-spatial transformation.

Abstract Background and Objective: The study of urban sustainability and the implementation of smart city components is a complex and dynamic research area. The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the theoretical and practical concepts of smart city components in achieving urban sustainability. By examining the interrelationships between these concepts, this research seeks to provide insight into effective strategies for transitioning towards more sustainable and resilient urban environments in Iranian cities. The present study examines the components of smart cities and their role in urban sustainability.
Methodology: The present study is of an applied type in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey study in terms of nature and research method. In explaining the structure, it has been investigated in the city of Khorramabad in the form of a structural equation model, which is a method for examining the relationships between latent variables that simultaneously consider observable variables. The data collection method is also documentary (library) and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study consists of citizens living in urban areas of Khorramabad. The sample size was determined using the sampling formula as 384 people. LISREL software was used to design the structural model and implement the model.
Findings and Conclusion: To measure urban sustainability with the approach of implementing smart city components, five components including economy, urban management, environment, citizenship, and transportation were used. The statistical population of the present study consists of citizens living in urban areas of Khorramabad. The results of the study show that implementing a smart city requires attention to all areas of urban management, citizenship, environment, transportation, and economy. The transportation component has the greatest impact on urban sustainability. Environmental and citizenship components also have a significant impact on urban sustainability. However, in the opinion of Khorramabad citizens, urban management and economic components have a lesser impact on urban sustainability. The findings of this study have the potential to inform policy decisions, urban planning practices, and stakeholder engagement strategies, and ultimately contribute to the development of more sustainable and livable cities. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that implementing a smart city requires attention to all areas of urban management, citizenship, environmental, transportation, and economics. To improve urban sustainability with the approach of implementing smart city components in Khorramabad, the development of public transportation, reduction of air and water pollution, increased citizen participation, and improvement of quality of life should be considered. Also, the needs of citizens should be emphasized based on the use of new technologies in implementing a smart city.