Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract  
Background and Aim: More than half of the world lives in urban areas. In many developing countries, many people migrate to urban centers every day, and the rate of urbanization is increasing in both developed and developing countries. But the urban population imposes huge challenges on natural resources and causes social and environmental problems in urban areas. Therefore, increasing the rate of urbanization is associated with many challenges. In Iran, the rate of urbanization has almost doubled over the past 30 years. Unstable urban income, urban poverty, marginalization and inappropriate urban housing are considered as major challenges of urban development in Iran. Determining urban boundaries is one of the solutions used in policies known as curbing the growth of cities or managing urban growth.
Methods: The current review research was conducted with the aim of investigating the importance of urban boundaries in controlling and guiding urban development and the role of urban boundaries in controlling and guiding the development of Arak city. The city of Arak is the capital of the central province, which is surrounded by mountains on three sides and desert on the other side, and is not capable of development in many ways. Therefore, the population density has increased in the central and inner parts of the city. The value of land development index for Arak city is high and the level of morphological adaptation is lower. Findings and Conclusion: The findings show that if special construction criteria are applied to very large areas, a large population can be accommodated in the worn-out fabric. Such a process also causes the development of the city in a systematic pattern. It is necessary that the municipality does not ignore the creation of public spaces and uses, and by creating public spaces in the neighborhoods, it creates participation among the residents. Reforms such as the demolition of old buildings and the establishment of high-rise structures require careful monitoring so that the tissue density does not exceed the permissible limit.

Abstract Background and Aim:  Kerman is the most earthquake-prone province in the country due to active faults and earthquakes with high human casualties. Of the total area of worn-out tissue in Kerman province, which is about 4062 hectares, of which 1589 hectares are located in the city of Kerman.  The aim of the study is to identify and level the vulnerability of the city's tissues. The issue of the city of Kerman is that there are many vulnerable areas, and identifying vulnerable surfaces and reducing the vulnerability coefficient can help effectively manage the crisis. Methods:  The research method is descriptive-Analytical, the research data is prepared by documentation and field methods and references to organizations. The types of users were examined at the Kerman city level and the ratio of each was obtained.  Some of the human indicators affecting structural resistance in Kerman were examined and described, and the number and percentage of types of structures in Kerman were obtained using GIS software, maps, resources, information and navigation methods, which were given in the relevant table Findings and Conclusion: Results show that in total, 83% of the structures in Kerman have a vulnerability of more than 50%, and 4% of the structures in Kerman have sufficient resistance to a relatively strong possible earthquake. And with the research done, about 53% of the population of Kerman lives in areas with a risk of more than 50%. And finally, factors such as the strength, resistance and formability of the constructive elements were regular, structural hardness and durability, and the presence of continuous load transmission routes were examined to increase structural resistance to earthquakes.

Abstract Background and Aim: Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a growing concern in metropolitan areas, leading to temperature differences between urban centers and surrounding areas due to various ecological, morphological, topographical, and demographic factors. Major Iranian cities have undergone rapid land-use transformations and expanding urbanization, facing the challenge of UHIs.
Methods:  This study investigates UHIs in Tabriz, focusing on District 1, Neighborhood 1 as the first area and District 6, Neighborhood 4 as the second area. The study employed Landsat 8 remote sensing images to analyze UHIs in Tabriz, Iran. The images were acquired for the summer season, representing the period of maximum UHI intensity. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to assess vegetation cover, while land surface temperature (LST) was derived using the single-channel algorithm. Morphological indicators were extracted from OpenStreetMap data.
Findings and Conclusion: The study aims to extract, locate, and analyze UHIs in the study area using specific formulas and prepare relevant maps, focusing on ecological and morphological indicators. The minimum and maximum temperatures in District 1 were 15.88°C and 37.65°C, respectively, while in District 6, they were 24.11°C and 40.87°C. Analyzing the extracted maps based on the selected ecological indicators (vegetation cover, wind, solar radiation, and elevation) and morphological indicators (building height, building density, building façade, and building roofs) in both districts, we concluded that District 1 is cooler due to several factors: higher elevation, better reception of prevailing northeastern winds, more suitable street orientations, lower building heights (mostly one-story), and a higher prevalence of reflective roofs compared to District 6. Although District 6 has better vegetation cover and lower building density.

Abstract Background and Aim: Sustainable development (SD) is an ideological solution to the current problems of developing cities moving toward a brilliant future where environmental resources are maintained for generations to come. Urbanism is expanding rapidly, exploitation of resources and waste production increases, and urban sprawl is turning green lands into gray-lands. The city of Kazerun will face serious challenges of development, in the future; in such a situation, the question is: what kind of plans and what strategies can be presented for the future development of the city? And in what dimensions and with what answers does the sustainable development approach come? Sustainable development seems to provide assurances of future generations by providing clever strategies and thought-provoking development.
Methods: The theoretical basis of this research is based on documentary-library studies for specifies the criteria. Research data related to the case study has been gathered through field observations, deep interviews, and referrals to developmental entities, and has been developed and analyzed in a Delphi technique by a SWOT table. The strategies extracted from the SWOT tables were evaluated with AHP logic and, using the Delphi reciprocating process. The score of each strategy was calculated in Expert Choice software.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that observance of social justice, promotion of social welfare, economic prosperity, sustainable transportation methods, and also intelligent energy management in various social, economic and environmental dimensions due to City Development Strategic plan will be the most effective ways to deal with the challenge facing the development of the city of Kazerun.

Abstract Background and Aim: Various approaches have been presented to achieve urban balance and sustainability, one of these approaches is the ecologic city. The aim of this research is to clarify the need to pay attention to the creation of the urban ecological approach in Iran urban planning system in order to achieve sustainable development.
Methods: This research is practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. The method of collecting data documents and content analysis.
Findings and Conclusion: The research results show that urban ecological approach in many regions of the world has been taken. In Iran, in many cities under the influence of global developments and the implementation of various urban plans, the economic factor has become the main determining factor, and the developments of the current century. In fact, the oil-based economy, excessive population density, the concentration of activities and the frequency of construction and Instruments have resulted in the physical growth and expansion of urban centers and the destruction of the natural ecosystem of the country's cities; Although measures have been taken in some cities of the country to achieve an ecological city, it cannot be claimed that the construction of an ecological city has been completed in Iranian cities; however the necessity and need for creating and planning an ecological city is arisen every day for the cities.

Abstract Background and Aim: Today, one of the most important issues of urban life is the increase in population, and providing welfare and comfort, or in other words, raising the quality of life, is very important for them, an issue that city managers seek to improve for citizens. On the other hand, today's world is facing challenges that are caused by the transformations resulting from the progress of science and industry and the design of new organizational and social needs. Therefore, considering that the goal of urban management is to improve the quality of life and well-being of citizens, and Tehran's 11th district also has its shortcomings in this field, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of good urban governance in improving the quality of life in Tehran's 11th district.
Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method, and it was conducted in a library and field method. In order to collect the theoretical foundations of the research, library resources including books, articles, dissertations and reliable scientific and research databases were used, and then the field method including questionnaires was used. The statistical population of the present study is the 11th district of Tehran, and using the Cochran formula, 384 people have been considered as the statistical population. Then SPSS software and correlation and regression tests were used for quantitative data analysis.
Findings and Conclusion: Establishing good urban governance indicators, especially participation and accountability, can improve the quality of life and thus improve the living conditions of various urban groups in the 11th district of Tehran, and even provide the grounds for achieving sustainable development in this area.

Abstract Background and Aim: Considering that urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated policy to solve the problems of cities in a way that leads to the improvement of livability indicators and the quality of life of citizens and as a result of providing sustainable urban development, the purpose of this research is to explain the criteria of urban regeneration. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is a case study of Tehran's 10th district (Brianak neighborhood(
Methods: The research is of a descriptive and analytical type, and it was carried out in a library and field method in such a way that books, articles, and reliable scientific and research databases were used to collect data, and for its analysis, Questionnaire and spss have been used. The statistical population of the research was the 10th district of Tehran and Briyank neighborhood.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research show that if the quality of living in this neighborhood is improved through the improvement and renovation of dilapidated structures, it is possible to provide services and open and green spaces in the neighborhood and improve the residential role of the neighborhood. It increased the desirability of living conditions in it. If urban-scale functions and uses are established in the neighborhood, it will provide the grounds for more visits to the neighborhood and can provide the grounds for creating new jobs and economic prosperity in the neighborhood. The most important issue to get out of the existing conditions of the neighborhood, and succeed in urban regeneration in it, is to improve the socio-economic structure, and it goes without saying that without the involvement and participation of the residents, who are the most important and main groups facing the problems of this neighborhood. This issue will not go anywhere.

Abstract Religious tourism is a very important factor in the development of cities. Because it has a high potential for attracting tourists and it is one of the most important and prosperous types of tourism which has had significant effects on various aspects of society. Today, in the economy of many countries that are facing the export of single products such as oil, Religious tourism can generate a lot of revenue for tourist areas. Mehran is one of the most suitable transit-border cities for tourist-pilgrimage activities; Especially as the border crossing of the great Arbaeen congress and also the main traffic of the pilgrims of Atbat-E-Aliat, It is also one of the safest areas in the west of the country for economic activities; Therefore, its development needs to be in the context of proper planning and principled management in order for sustainable urban development to have a spatial appearance in it. The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the role of religious tourism in the sustainable development of Mehran. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical in which survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population of this study is 17435 people living in Mehran and 376 samples have been estimated using Cochran's formula..To select statistical samples, simple random sampling method has been exploited and to analyze the information the sample T-test and the Friedman test with SPSS software. Findings and research results indicate a positive and significant relationship between religious tourism and sustainable urban development of Mehran; As with a level of significance of 0.000 and 99% confidence; on average The most favorable effect on physical-spatial indicators (3.36), socio-cultural (3.27) and economic (3.25), respectively, But in the environmental dimension (3.30), considering that the items studied are negative indicators of the index, it has had a negative and adverse effect and challenging the city with environmental instability.

Abstract Zahedan City has had one of the most irregular trends in urban physical expansion over the past three decades. Absolute poverty and unemployment have increased the informal settlements and spatial-physical anomalies in this city. The present study was an attempt to conduct a sociological analysis of the impact of marginalization on urban management of Zahedan City in Karimabad region.The research method is the survey method and the data gathering tool is a questionnaire. The random sampling technique was used and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. Therefore, 375 questionnaires were distributed among residents aged between 18 and 70 years in the region. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The research findings indicate that most individuals had a high school diploma or lower education, an income of below 10 million Rails and had freelance and labor jobs, all of which sets the scene for social harms in the region. Thereafter, data normality was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. According to the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the significance values for the economic, physical, service-environmental, and urban management variables were 0.090, 0.108, 0.070 and 0.051, respectively. Concerning the economic condition, physical condition, service-environmental and urban management condition, the results showed that the conditions are average and blow average in all dimensions, while urban management with 3.637 and with the highest average, it had the worst condition compared to other dimensions.Besides, the results indicated that the economic, physical, service-environmental and demographic components affect the urban management of Zahedan City. Regarding the improvement mechanism, in addition to the concern for economic needs, concepts related to urban control management, cultural activities and increasing of the awareness of marginalized people are taken into account.

Abstract The Creative cities are those that are able to offer new solutions to their daily problems. A creative city is a place for creativity to grow and develop in the city, for artistic creativity, scientific and technological innovation, the voice of a growing culture. Urban planners play a significant role in this regard. Therefore, the degree of creativity of cities is considered a critical issue for the development of large cities. Progressively moving toward a creative city is very necessary for spurring development, because the cities are those environments in which social, economic and cultural interactions take place. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the characteristics of the creative city using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in Kermanshah. It is an applied research in terms of aim and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the process of preparing and collecting data, first the effective factors on the creative city of Kermanshah have been identified using the views of 30 city managers, professors and experts in universities and research centers through the Delphi method. To analyze the information of eight factors as strong influential factors on the creative city, the case of Kermanshah, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) has been used and then analyzed by Mic Mac software. The results showed that the criteria of efficient transportation system and carbon-free energy system are the most effective and the criteria of strong social structure and safe houses are among the most effective factors and social dimension is the most significant indicator of creative city in Kermanshah. The results of Mick Mac also show that all factors belong to connective variables except green space factor.

Abstract One of the accidents that occur suddenly and leads to damage to humans and the environment are known as natural hazards. These risks, due to their unexpected nature, in most cases cause a lot of financial and human losses. Among natural hazards, earthquakes and landslides are among the most devastating hazards. These hazards are more severe and harmful in urban communities due to greater population concentration. Therefore, identifying areas that are more vulnerable to natural hazards can be effective in planning to mitigate the effects of these events. The aim of this study is to zoning vulnerability to natural hazards of landslides and earthquakes. Applied research is practiced and its method is descriptive-analytical; the required statistics and information have been collected through library studies and remote sensing data. Findings show that in the zoning of Kermanshah province about fault lines and rivers, relatively high altitude and high slope, the central parts of the province have a high potential for flooding and vulnerability to natural earthquake risk.one of the most important parts of this area of ​​Kermanshah city as the center of the province. For the process of location and building cities of the province, elements such as distance from fault lines and the spots of landslides are less considered. Therefore, this leads to insecurity and vulnerability while natural events take place.

Abstract The developments of recent decades have caused the new facilities of today's cities to be unable to provide peace and security to citizens as in the past. This issue has become a social anomaly and along with it, criminal behaviors have occurred in the world's urban housing system. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on residents' sense of satisfaction with the social security of Gorgan settlements. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its statistical population is households living in residential complexes in Gorgan and the sample size is 200 households. The required information has been used through documentary studies and field surveys using a questionnaire. SPSS statistical software and Pearson correlation and one-sample t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a direct and positive relationship between the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of residential complexes with the appropriate lighting components of the environment and the physical texture of the building. Lighting of passages and passages around the building and where people live at night creates peace and a sense of security in the movement of children and women. It also reduces stress and anxiety in people when walking on foot at night. Housing aristocracy is another component that is directly related to creating a sense of security among residents. Other effective components in creating a sense of security among urban dwellers include the occurrence of crime in the place of residence, neighborhood relations and environmental variables.

Abstract Urban tourism is a term that describes various tourism activities in which the city is the main destination and desired location. Today, the tourism industry as one of the top industries is growing and developing rapidly. Despite the rich resources and tourism opportunities in Iran, little attention is paid to the tourism industry. Since sustainable development is referred to as a steady stream, economic, cultural and social changes to increase the level of environmental well-being of society, which seeks unity in economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues. Sustainable development is a development that can meet the needs of the present generation without destroying or damaging the needs and wants of future generations. The historical context of Dezful is one of the most important parts of the city's identity and its origin follows information from climatic and cultural structures. Urban areas, which in the past were prominent places for production, have now become centers of consumption. For many cities, this shift in attitude leads to an emphasis on the tourism industry as the engine of economic growth and, consequently, to the social and physical revitalization of the old urban fabric. The old texture of Dezful, by including the old market of the city and including historical elements, not only did not help the sustainable economy of the city, but as an inefficient part of the city away from sustainable development. In fact, sustainable urban tourism is a new approach in revitalizing these spaces, so in the nature of the present research is developmental-applied and in terms of research method (descriptive-analytical-library-field) through the VIKOR and AHP techniques to study and recognize the elements of tourism. The 28 neighborhoods of Dezful texture were studied and based on the level of desirability, dissatisfaction and VIKOR index; we reached the final ranking for the old texture neighborhoods of Dezful. The purpose of this ranking is to better and more accurately identify the study area to measure and optimize the route of tourism.