Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Land use changes represent one of the fundamental challenges in rural areas, exerting profound impacts on socio-economic structures and the environment. Shush County, as one of the most important agricultural hubs in Khuzestan Province, has witnessed significant transformations in land use patterns in recent decades. These changes primarily stem from industrial agricultural development, climate change, and economic shifts, which have had extensive consequences on settlement systems and rural livelihoods. The current study was conducted to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these transformations and examine their effects on rural communities. This research investigates land use changes and their impacts on rural settlements in Shush County during the period from 1990 to 2023. The findings reveal that rain-fed agricultural areas in Chenaneh, Seyed Abbas, and Sorkheh districts have increased to 212.36, 188.47, and 182.34 square kilometers respectively, while rangelands have experienced a 35% decline. Spatial analyses (Moran's I=0.68) confirm a clustered pattern of changes in the western part of the county. Questionnaire data (n=200) indicate that 86% of respondents consider water scarcity as the primary factor driving changes in cropping patterns. CA-Markov modeling, with 91.2% accuracy, predicts an additional 18.1% reduction in dense vegetation by 2036. The results demonstrate that the development of industrial crops such as sugarcane has coincided with 36.3% urban expansion, while remote villages (>5km from rivers) have experienced a 42% population decline. This study confirms the necessity for location-specific strategies, including the development of drought-resistant crops in the western regions and the enhancement of orchards in the eastern parts of the county.

Abstract 1. Introduction
The involvement and active participation of rural communities in watershed management projects provide substantial and wide-ranging benefits. Community participation is a critical component in environmental assessments, policy-making, and strategic planning. Empirical evidence suggests that disregarding the role of local communities in natural resource management results in the marginalization of the primary stakeholders of these resources, thereby undermining the effectiveness of planning, decision-making, and implementation processes.
2. Methods and Material
A sample of 384 people from Suq district was selected as a sample according to the Cochran’s formula. The questionnaires were distributed, and after they were completed, the opinions of experienced experts were used to validate the content. Finally, its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 for economic indicators and 0.78 for social indicators. Then, various socio-economic factors were examined using statistical methods.
3. Results and Discussion
The Friedman test rank average showed that the highest rank average related to the factor of the influence of participation in financing the implementation of the project by natural resource departments was 7.84, which shows the greatest difference among the 12 economic and social factors. Also, the factor of the influence of religious teachings and mosques on the level of participation with an average of 7.02 was recognized in the second ranks. Also, the results of the regression analysis indicated that 81.9 percent of the changes in the participation of local communities can be explained based on social and economic variables.
4. Conclusion
Based on the results, it is recommended that before implementing the projects, the social and economic conditions should be thoroughly analyzed and the existing strengths and weaknesses should be clearly identified. By reinforcing the strengths and addressing the obstacles, it becomes possible to increase local community’s participation in the implementation of the projects. Therefore, environmental degradation and subsequent social issues can be prevented.

Abstract Background and Objective : In recent decades, planners have adopted various strategies, including the transformation of villages into cities, with the aim of reducing regional inequalities and urban-rural disparities. These transformations have not only caused structural-functional changes but have also influenced the lifestyle of residents in these areas. The present research aims to investigate the impact of rural-urban integration on lifestyle changes among the residents of Somarin city in Ardabil.
Methodology: This study is applied in nature and quantitative in method. The statistical population includes all residents of Samarin rural-city, and the statistical sample consists of 252 households, estimated using the Cochran method and selected through systematic random sampling.
Results and Findings: The results indicate that changes have occurred in health-oriented (49%) and media-oriented (54%) lifestyle indicators; however, these changes have not been particularly pronounced or fundamental in the studied environment. In other words, rural-urban integration and administrative-managerial transformations have led to quantitative changes in lifestyle, and lifestyle transformations have been more influenced by social interactions and cultural-media factors among residents than by decisions made by governmental institutions. Analysis of the findings reveals that rural-urban transformation in Samarin has resulted in unbalanced changes: while media consumption (74.6%) has grown significantly, access to health services (29.9%) has shown limited improvement. This gap highlights the need to revise classical lifestyle theories for transitioning societies and to adopt an integrated approach in planning.

Abstract Background and Objective: Tourism is one of the main ways of developing regions in diversifying the national and regional economy, and in many countries, investment in this industry and its related infrastructure is considered a key priority. The aim of this study is to evaluate the consequences of rural ecotourism with an emphasis on intra-regional economic relations in the villages of the Sardinia region.
Methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytical and survey, so that after conducting library and documentary studies, in accordance with the topic and reviewing the background and literature of the research, the findings were analyzed from two aspects of evaluating the consequences of ecotourism and examining economic relations through a questionnaire consisting of two groups of native people, 90 people, and experts, 10 people, with SPSS22 software. The first group included: villagers (local residents) to determine the sample size, to complete the questionnaire in 5 villages, which were classified into three categories of villages with historical, religious, and natural attractions and distributed randomly. And the other was the selection of experts, who used the opinions of experts and researchers in this field to measure the validity or reliability, and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured based on the level of tourist satisfaction, which was confirmed by using the Cronbach's alpha formula, using 100 preliminary questionnaires, with 95 percent.
Results and Findings: The results indicate the maximum exploitation of rural resources by the city and less confirmation of the existence of a trend of expansion and development in the studied area. In general, the actual demand for tourism in the region is weak, so appropriate planning and prioritization of tourism development using existing capabilities can eliminate the threats and weaknesses of tourism development in the Sardouia sector and ultimately act as an important step for sustainable rural development in this region.

Abstract Background and Objective: Land surface temperature is a fundamental indicator in monitoring energy balance models at the land surface at regional and global scales. Given the limitations of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be a suitable alternative for estimating land surface temperature. The main objective of this research is to monitor land surface temperature and land use changes and urban development using satellite images from 2003 and 2023. The results of the 20-year land use map showed that very visible urban development was observed throughout the entire Aslandoz Township. If this development is done with minimizing damage to the environment and forests, it will be very positive.
Methodology: In this study, Landsat satellite images from 2003 and 2023 were used to investigate and assess the feasibility of using solar radiation energy. ENVI software was used to perform calculations using ArcGIS software to prepare maps. One of the applications of thermal images is to prepare thermal maps to determine isothermal zones.
Results and Findings: The results of the LST map showed that the land surface temperature in Aslandoz Township has increased significantly, so that in 2003 the land surface temperature was 42.49, and in 2023 this figure has increased to 49.92. The results of the integration of land use maps and land surface temperature showed that the lowest temperature in both years was attributed to water and forest use, which is due to high humidity, and the highest temperature was attributed to soil and residential use. Soil use in 2003 was 42.09 and in 2023 was 49.86, and residential use in 2003 was 42.57, and in 2023 the highest value for residential use was 42.57, which is a significant figure. The reason for this very high temperature and the difference in use is that if an area is devoid of vegetation or has sparse coverage, evaporation and transpiration are low and the temperature increases.

Abstract Background and Objective: The expansion of rural migration to urban peripheries is a phenomenon profoundly influencing the social and spatial fabric of cities. This study investigates the relationship between social networks and rural migration, and its subsequent outcome: the formation of informal settlements on the outskirts of Ahvaz, Iran.
Methodology: Focusing on two neighborhoods, Goldasht and Golbahar, as primary destinations for rural migrants, this research employs a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected via a researcher-administered questionnaire from 300 household heads and analyzed in SPSS using a one-sample t-test and the Friedman rank test.
Results and Findings: The results reveal that kinship relations, with a mean score of 3.02 (above the theoretical average), constituted the most significant network factor in migration decision-making and destination choice. Furthermore, economic factors, with a mean rank of 2.24, were identified as the primary driver for migration from rural areas. In contrast, the overall satisfaction of residents with their living conditions, averaging 2.99, fell below the median, indicating unsatisfactory circumstances in these settlements. In conclusion, the findings underscore the prominent role of social networks and economic pressures in shaping waves of rural migration. The low levels of resident satisfaction simultaneously highlight the persistent and serious challenges to quality of life within these informal urban settlements.

Abstract Background and Objective: Empowering rural communities is a highly strategic approach to developing the full potential of society, enabling individuals and groups to become capable and resilient. In this context, maintaining resilience is an essential skill. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and the resilience of rural residents against COVID-19. The study area includes the villages of the Kanavist Rural District in Mashhad Township.                                                                                                                          
Methodology: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology. The study population consists of 4,712 individuals living in 11 villages of Kanavist, Mashhad Township. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 302 individuals was selected through simple random sampling. The research method is based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by  university professors, and the composite reliability (CR) for all variables was above 0.7, indicating satisfactory internal consistency and reliability among the items.
Findings and Results: For data analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) using PLS software and SPSS were employed. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between self-determination and resilience (path coefficient = 0.476, t = 2.857), between meaningfulness and resilience (path coefficient = 0.319, t = 3.964), and between impact and resilience (path coefficient = 0.521, t = 2.371). However, no significant relationship was found between self-esteem, trust, and competence with resilience. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations have been provided.

Abstract Background and Objective: Studies show that the role of thermal remote sensing in the study and estimation of land surface temperature is very important. Land surface temperature is a very important indicator in the study of energy balance models at the land surface on a regional and global scale. Given the limitations of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be a suitable alternative for estimating land surface temperature. The main goal of this research is to monitor land surface temperature using satellite images in the years 2003, 2013, and 2023. For this purpose, the relevant images were first obtained and the necessary pre-processing was applied to each. Then, modeling and determination of the radiation and heat balance of the images were carried out. Finally, in order to monitor land surface temperature, a surface temperature map of Aslandoz Towhship was extracted.
Methodology: In this study, Landsat satellite images from 2003, 2013, and 2023 were used to investigate and assess the feasibility of using solar radiation energy. ENVI software was used to perform the relevant calculations, and ArcGIS software was used to prepare the map. One of the applications of thermal images is to prepare thermal maps to determine isothermal zones.
Results and Findings: The results showed that in 2003, the earth's surface temperature increased from 40.10 to 42.49 in 2013, and finally, due to climate change and rapid and severe human intervention in nature, it increased sharply to 49.92 in 2023. The results showed that areas with high vegetation cover and water areas had low temperatures, and areas without vegetation had the highest temperatures each year. This indicates that this human intervention, the destruction of forests and pastures, and the expansion of the city have also increased the concentration of heat compared to 20 years ago. Because vegetation has always been a barrier to heat, has a moderating moisture, and also has an inverse relationship with the temperature of the earth's surface.

Abstract Background and Aim: City furniture is actually a manifestation of the aesthetics and identity of a society. Therefore, functional design, appropriate location, and proper and principled use of furniture in the city context are very important. Although city furniture is one of the most important categories of a city, it is not possible to equip and improve the current situation of this important thing at a time and simultaneously in all regions of a city; therefore, a comparative comparison in this regard can be effective and help urban managers perform better and make decisions in accordance with the priority of intervention at the level of each region. On this basis, the present study has been developed with the aim of a comparative study of the regions of Tabriz metropolis based on the components of city furniture.
Methodology: For this purpose, the relevant images were first obtained and the necessary pre-processing was applied to each. Then, the images were modeled. Initially, images from the year 2023 of the Landsat 8 satellite, the OLI sensor and the TIRS sensor, and the Sebal algorithm were used to conduct this research. ENVI software was used for geometric, atmospheric and radiometric corrections of satellite images and also for performing calculations related to the SEBAL model, and ArcGIS software was used for creating a database, spatial analyses, cartographic operations and finally implementing the model.
Results and Findings: The results show that the average of the highest incoming shortwave radiation was 769 watts per square meter in September and the lowest value was in the next month of August with 730 watts per square meter. And the lowest value was in July with 555 watts per square meter. The reason for this difference in radiation power in the amount of net radiation reaching the ground in the study area is due to the difference in the angle of the sun's rays and the number of sunny hours in different months of the year. It can be concluded that solar radiation from the radiation threshold to 1000 watts per square meter is received, it can be concluded that solar radiation and radiation balance in the villages of Chalus Township have the potential to provide electricity in a suitable way.

Abstract Background and Aim: Geotourism, as one of the new and developing branches of tourism, examines and uses the geological and geomorphological characteristics of natural areas in order to attract tourists. Tourism target villages can be recognized as attractive destinations for domestic and foreign tourists due to their beautiful natural landscapes, special geographical features, and rich culture. The aim of the present study is to identify the geotourism and geomorphological capacities of tourism target villages in Namin Township in Ardabil Province.
Methods and Material: The method of the present study is to use the new quantitative model of Kobalikwa and Feylot (National Park). In the Kobalikwa method, which emphasizes more on scientific, educational, economic, conservation, and additional criteria, it evaluates the study areas by comparing sub-criteria. In the national park model, geotourism areas are examined based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and accessibility. The tourism target villages in this study are Anbaran, Golshan, and Soha in Namin Township.
Results and Discussion: The results of the evaluation of the Kobalikwa geotourism model showed that the Anbaran tourism target village, with a score of 10.25, has the highest score among the studied areas, and the second and third places are Soha and Golshan, with scores of 9.5 and 8.25, respectively, which indicates that the Anbaran village has high potential to introduce Namin Township at the national and international levels. The results of the national park model also showed that the Anbaran region, with the highest score of 25.11, has suitable potential compared to the other studied areas. Based on the results in this model, the management and tourism rate of Anbaran was estimated to be very excellent. Therefore, it is concluded that Anbaran village is a historical, cultural, economic and ultimately geotourism village that can be recognized at the national and international levels. Finally, it is suggested that other evaluation models and the integration of natural and human factors be used in future applied studies for better evaluation.

Abstract Background and Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of virtual social networks in crisis management of firefighting in the rural areas of Lali Township. The statistical population includes rural council members, district office experts, village administrators (Dehyars), and literate residents of Lali Township and its rural districts (Taraz, Poli, Sarkamari, Hoseynabad, Pachekola, Iranshahr, Sarkuli, and Anbarsafid villages). From this population, a sample of 384 individuals was selected through convenience sampling.
Methodology: The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire comprising 30 questions across five dimensions: educational, participatory and social, economic and welfare, and cultural. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. Potential threats and usability are used to evaluate geosites, and each of the criteria used also has sub-criteria.
Findings and Conclusion: The results indicated that regression analysis predicts the role of virtual social networks in crisis management across the mentioned dimensions in the rural areas of Lali Township (F = 14.32, p < 0.0001). The educational dimension had a standardized beta coefficient of 0.31; the physical and infrastructural dimension, 0.17; the participatory and social dimension, 0.11; the economic and welfare dimension, 0.31; and the cultural dimension, 0.06. These findings suggest that each of these dimensions can be influenced by virtual social networks in managing and predicting crises. Additionally, the R² value showed that 31% of the variance in crisis management can be explained by the role and impact of virtual social networks on these dimensions. The dimension with the greatest perceived impact of virtual social networks in firefighting crisis management was the physical and infrastructural aspect, which achieved the highest mean rank (3.99) according to experts, council members, Dehyars, and literate villagers. Following this, the most significant dimensions in order were educational, participatory and social, economic and welfare, and finally, cultural. The chi-square statistic was 849.83, which is significant at a p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05). Overall, it is expected that media—particularly modern digital media—play a significant role during times of crisis, impacting both individuals and society at large. Social networks, in particular, can contribute to stability, peace, and calm during crises and may also help prevent crises due to the increasing influence they have acquired in recent years.

Abstract Background and Aim: In Iranian society, women have played an important and expanding role in the field of business, but there have always been a series of obstacles for women's activities, especially in rural communities in Iran. Therefore, this research sought to identify the obstacles to the development of rural women's entrepreneurship in the touristic villages of Yasouj.
Methods and Material: The current research is based on the type of applied research and descriptive-analytical research method. In order to collect information and data, library and field methods, interviews and questionnaires were used. The statistical population of this research are women from Yasouj villages (central part) and SPSS 26 and Minitab software were used to analyze the findings. To investigate the characteristics of the respondents (women of touristic villages of Yasouj) from descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency) and to investigate the barriers to entrepreneurship of women of touristic villages of Yasouj from inferential statistics (one-sample t) and to determine the difference in the effectiveness of barriers to entrepreneurship in ANOVA test was used in these villages.
Results and Discussion: The results show the influence of each of the investigated indicators (cultural-social, individual-family, economic, managerial-promotional and environmental-infrastructural). The results of comparing the averages show that the results of the test are significant and there is a significant difference between the indicators of barriers to rural women's entrepreneurship (cultural-social, individual-family, economic, managerial-promotional and environmental-infrastructural) in the villages There is Yasouj tourist attraction.

Abstract Background and Aim: In the last few decades, one of the policies that has been taken into consideration by the statesmen as a tool for empowering the villagers is microcredits. These credits, if properly invested, can guarantee sustainable rural development. In recent years, Barkat Foundation has started its activity towards the removal of deprivation and economic-social empowerment of deprived areas of the country by granting micro credit. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to model the effects of Barkat Foundation's microcredits on the social-economic development of the rural areas of Khuzestan province.
Methods:  This research is theoretical-applicative in nature and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information is survey-library. The statistical population of the research includes people living in the villages of Izeh, Masjid Suleiman, Lali, Endika and Dezpart cities who have used the microcredits of the Barkat Foundation, and according to their number, the sample size was estimated to be 340 people. Paired t-test, stepwise regression and simple t-test were used to analyze the data. The research results showed that there is a significant difference between before and after receiving the facility.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of multivariable regression also showed that Barkat Foundation's actions created 86% positive changes in rural areas. The index of managerial ability with beta value of 0.430, economic welfare with 0.316 and business development with beta of 0.276 have received the most influence from microcredits. Finally, the results of the simple t-test show that microcredits have had the greatest impact on agricultural and animal husbandry occupations, technical occupations, and farming, respectively.
 
 
 

Abstract Background and Aim: In recent decades, demographic, social and economic changes, especially in rural areas, have increased the need for an efficient and sustainable look at housing issues and the development of rural settlements. Knowing the principles of optimal location in this field is a vital matter that has a direct impact on the quality of life of the villagers and also the sustainable development of these areas. Methods:  With the aim of identifying strategies and prioritizing the optimal location of rural settlements, this research examines the challenges and opportunities of this field. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and is considered among field studies, and in order to prioritize the "hierarchical analysis" method as an available method, it is used for decision-making authorities in the field of defense-security strategy, so that these authorities use this method for prioritizing and determining use the defense-security strategy. Findings and Conclusion: The results of the examination of these criteria and sub-criteria based on the hierarchical analysis process model show the relative advantage of place number one compared to place number two. Place number one has more stability in terms of nature and natural hazards than proposed place number two, although place number two also has relative stability. The proposed place number one has a score of 0.523 and the proposed place number two has a score of 0.481. It should be mentioned that due to the small area of the proposed place number one, the expert group of the proposed place number two should also be considered for the future development of the village. In this way, the suggestion is that while confirming the priority of the number one place as the direction of village development in the future, the proposed place (development number two) is also approved from a natural-economic-social point of view, and the residents of the village, especially the slum areas, have moved there. be.

Abstract Background and Aim: By providing the necessary facilities and services in various economic, social, cultural, etc. sectors in small cities, these types of cities can develop their rural sphere of influence by stabilizing the rural population and attracting the surplus labor force of the villages. spatialize the population and services in the urban hierarchy system at the national and regional levels. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the role of the formation of small towns in the sustainable development of surrounding rural areas (case study of Shavor city). Methods: According to the nature of the subject and the goals that are foreseen for it, it is descriptive-analytical and among applied researches. Statistical society, the population of Shahrshavor is 8833 people (Census 1395), the sample size is 368 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the data, spss software, T-test and Friedman's test were used.The findings show that the average economic index is (3.70), environmental physical index (3.77) and socio-cultural index (3.79). Also, based on the rating of the Friedman test, the status of access to medical and health services with an average of 3.89, access to educational centers with the average of 3.88 and the state of access to public libraries with an average of 3.85 were ranked first to third. Findings and Conclusion The result is that the economic, physical, environmental, socio-cultural process has various components and criteria, and reaching the most favorable state requires the alignment and integration of all components and sustainability criteria.Master's degree in rural geography, rural development management.

Abstract The preparation and implementation of the rural leadership plan with more than thirty records in Iran is one of the most basic measures that have been implemented for the development of villages in Iran. Examining their implementation effects in various dimensions is an important issue that can Determine the consequences of the implementation of Hadi's plan in the village
The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the effects of the implementation of rural leader projects and its role in rural development in the villages of Kermanshah. And it is practical in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the process of preparing and generating data, firstly, the factors affecting the implementation of the rural guide project in Kermanshah city, emphasizing its role in the development of villages in Kermanshah city, were identified using the opinions of 15 experts on this subject, rural experts, villagers through the Delphi methodIt is In order to analyze the data of 4 indicators (physical, economic, socio-cultural and environmental) and 12 sub-indices as strong influencing factors on the development of villages in Kermanshah city, with emphasis on the implementation of the rural guide plan, ISM interpretive-structural modeling was used and then with Mic-Mac software. . The results of the research showed that the factors of increasing participation in villages, increasing the quality of roads and organizing streams and rivers are among the most influential factorsand the factor of preserving native and local traditions are among the most influential factorsIt is among the projects of the rural leader and its role in rural development in the villages of Kermanshah cit Also, the results obtained from the MIK show that except for the two factors of increasing the quality of transportation and reducing the motivation to migrate, all the factors are linked variables.

Abstract Man has always been looking for a way to meet his needs. Since the beginning of history, housing has been a place to achieve this logical desire, and with the formation of housing together with quality, it has traveled its way towards obtaining peace. On the other side, environmental and climatic conditions have been effective in the formation of housing in villages and have followed appropriate patterns in a historical process in the direction of sustainable development. Based on the experiences of the villagers according to the subsistence and climatic needs throughout history, the appropriate pattern of rural housing can be analyzed and by discovering and introducing these patterns, they can be used as part of the principles and criteria of rural housing. Ilam province has four climates on its area, which has caused various patterns in the formation of rural and urban contexture. The climate has played a significant role in the formation of the form, orientation and establishment of the building, texture and other characteristics of the housing. The purpose of this research is to comply with the necessary requirements to design the most optimal model of housing for villagers in different areas of Ilam province, which are the basic requirements of engineers for the architectural and structural designs of these houses. The descriptive research method is an analysis that was conducted in the field through the distribution of questionnaires and indirectly through the library. The necessary graphs have been obtained by using AHP pairwise comparison questionnaire tool. The results of this research show that in the design of rural housing in Dehlran and Ivan cities, among the climatic factors, rain has the most effect in Ivan city by 0.833 and radiation has the most effect in Dehlran city by 0.875.

Abstract Background and Aim: Strengthening rural entrepreneurship as an effective lever in accelerating economic growth and social empowerment plays an important role in the process of rural development. Meanwhile, there are capabilities and obstacles that by identifying them, in addition to the growth and development of entrepreneurship among rural communities, can provide the grounds for achieving sustainable development. Considering the place of entrepreneurship in the process of rural development and the need to identify obstacles and challenges in this field, the aim of this research is to identify the obstacles and challenges of entrepreneurship development in Zafarabad Village, the results of which will help strengthen entrepreneurship and economic development of the studied area.
Methods: The current research is of applied type, and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is 567 people of Zafarabad village, according to Morgan's standard table, 200 people were selected as a sample. A systematic random method is used to select the samples. In order to understand the basic variables of the research and summarize them, factor analysis model (varimax rotation method) is used for confirmatory and exploratory purposes. In this method, after removing the ineffective items, the most important effective factors in the capabilities and obstacles of entrepreneurship development in the village are identified and analyzed in order of priorities.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research showed that this village has the potential and capabilities of entrepreneurship, but the level of entrepreneurship development in it is low, among the existing obstacles, individual factors have the greatest impact on the development of rural entrepreneurship in the studied area.

Abstract Exploration the main routes of tourism is an approach to determine the pattern of travel density in order to boost rural tourism businesses. The present study, using fuzzy operators in GIS, deals with the zoning of major tourism routes that have a significant impact on the success of related tourism businesses. The research method is descriptive-analytical using GIS and multi-criteria decision making models. The results show that the villages which are located in four tourist attraction poles. These routes can be modeled as the main traveled rural destinations. Continuously, by using four forms of routes, tried to assess the facilities along the routes and the tourism destinations, the natural and human attractions of each route, based on the target villages and the status of tourism businesses in the villages located on these routes. The results of this step showed that the route number one, with the best distance from the positive (0.1875) and negative (0.0678) ideals and the degree of proximity (0.7346), gained the highest score (main road to Sultan Seyyed Ahmad Shrine).