Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Background and Objective: Simultaneously with the rapid growth of cities and their physical development, we sometimes witness the decline in the environmental quality of urban spaces, which has caused various crises in urban life. Today, urbanization problems include a wide range of psychological disorders such as: stress, aggression, irritability, depression, boredom, and physical complaints. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to explain the public spaces of the city and its role in the mental and psychological health of the citizens of Ardabil
.Methodology:  The present study is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and documentary and survey in terms of data collection. In this study, two questionnaires (researcher-made and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire) were used to collect data The statistical population of the study was the elderly over 60 years of age living in District 2 of Ardabil, which numbered (10,885) people. Based on the Cochran formula, a sample size of 371 questionnaires was obtained. Structural equations and statistical tests were used in the SPSS and Smart PLS software environment to analyze the data and examine the relationship between urban environment quality factors and the mental health of the elderly.Based on the research findings,
 Findings and Conclusion: the T-statistic for all variables is greater than (1.96) and is significant at a confidence level of (95.00). The AVE for the social participation variable is (801.00), transportation and access variable (821.00), outdoor space and public buildings (781.00), and safety and convenience (922.00). In relation to the answer to the research question, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the quality of the city's public space and the mental health of the elderly in Region 2 of Ardabil. With the information collected in the research findings, it was determined that District 2 of Ardabil city is not suitable for the elderly in terms of most aspects of design and planning, such as social participation, access to public transportation and spaces, outdoor space and public buildings, and safety and convenience.

Abstract Background and Objective: One of the main challenges of urban management is population imbalances and inappropriate population distribution at the level of metropolitan areas. The instability of the rural population and continued migration have caused fundamental challenges in cities. The aim of the present study was to identify the causes and consequences of rural-to-urban migration in Maragheh city from the perspective of rural migrants in this city.
Methodology: This was done using a descriptive-analytical method and a survey method. The statistical population of the study included all residents of the marginal areas of Maragheh city who had migrated and settled in this neighborhood for at least 4 years, of which 384 migrant residents were determined as the sample size. These samples were selected using a simple random method. To assess the effects of rural-to-urban migration, three important and fundamental parts of repulsion, attraction, and migration outcomes were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the study show that among the repulsive factors of the economic sustainability of villages, the factor of "the absence of an agricultural Jihad service center in the village along with the limited seasonality of jobs in the village" has the greatest impact. Among the reasons for the social sustainability of the origin, the lack of welfare facilities and the lack of recreational facilities were the most agreed upon among the studied samples. The inappropriateness of the communication routes of the villages and the low possibility of accessing technical and educational facilities in the villages were identified as the most important factors for the physical sustainability of the origin, according to the migrants. The existence of job diversity, the right to choose, and the permanence of work in the city were the main economic attractions of the city for the rural migrants of Maragheh.

Abstract Background and Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of strategic human resource management operations on organizational commitment of employees of the Hamedan City Fire Department.
Methods: In terms of method, it is a correlational research, in terms of purpose, it is an applied research, and in terms of data collection method, it is a quantitative research. The statistical population in the section of examining the relationship between research variables and testing hypotheses includes 176 personnel of the Hamadan Province Fire Department during 2023. The statistical sample was estimated to be 131 people using the Krejci and Morgan table with a simple random method. The strategic human resource management variable was measured with a 14-question questionnaire by Chang and Hong (2005) and organizational commitment with a 24-question questionnaire by Allen and Meyer (1996). Also, in relation to the evaluation of strategic human resource management operations and their ranking with a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process approach, the opinions of 30 experts from the organization under study were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of path analysis and structural equation modeling approach with Smart-PLS software indicate that strategic human resource management had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees of Hamedan Province Fire Department. Also, the variables of selection in the organization, training measures in the organization, human management performance evaluation measures, promotion opportunities, performance-based rewards, information sharing, and job security had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees. Finally, the output of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process showed that the second factor (training measures in the organization) with the highest weight is ranked first, and the fourth factor (performance-based reward) is ranked second. Also, the seventh factor (human management performance evaluation measures) is ranked last (seventh) in terms of importance. Therefore, appropriate planning for effective employee training and planning a performance-based reward system in the organization will have a significant effect on the implementation of the strategic human resource management system and ultimately the organizational commitment of employees.

Abstract Background and Objective: One of the effective educational factors in modern education is the architectural style of educational spaces. In such a way that in designing an architectural space, architectural principles are considered in relation to the use of that place. In this regard, the appropriate use of some visual elements, including form and color, is important. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of form and color components in promoting children's sensory perception in the kindergarten educational environment.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The data collection of the present research is based on library and survey methods. The statistical population of the research is 100 kindergarten teachers and 30 school children in Ardabil city, who were selected by simple random selection. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the study showed that children are very interested in colors and that colors remain in their minds well and can affect the mental states of individuals and children. Therefore, colors can act as a dependent variable in the design of the kindergarten environment in improving the psychological performance of the space and forms as a dependent variable in improving the physical performance of the space have significant effects in helping to increase the child's sensory perception and recognition of the environment. The architecture of the kindergarten space should be such that it provides a calm and joyful space for the growth and increase of children's creativity and increases the motivation for innovation and the implementation of their imaginations. The results of the study indicate that recognizing the individual characteristics of children and various factors such as color, form and different spaces have a significant effect on creating creativity and strengthening children's intelligence.          

Abstract Background and Objective: This study aims to analyze the urban regeneration capacities of Dehdasht city and to elucidate their connection with the urban branding process. Dehdasht, as a city lacking prominent urban recognition indicators, requires the utilization of regeneration potentials to enhance its identity and competitive position. Literature review indicates that previous studies predominantly focus on metropolitan areas and cities with established brands, highlighting a significant gap in examining the relationship between urban regeneration and branding in smaller, less-known cities. This research seeks to fill this gap by focusing on the case study of Dehdasht.
Methodology: The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on documentary and library studies, as well as a review of national and international literature. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with urban planning experts and analyzed using content coding. The analysis framework encompasses four dimensions of urban regeneration: physical–environmental, economic, socio–cultural, and policy–managerial, which are examined in relation to the four fundamental components of urban branding: efficient institutional governance, sustainable financing, active stakeholder participation, and coherent policy orientation.
Results and Findings: The findings indicate that urban regeneration provides the necessary framework for achieving the four dimensions of urban branding. Specifically, the restoration of the historical Baladshapur district, enhancement of public spaces, and improvement of urban infrastructure, combined with the strengthening of socio-cultural capacities and participatory governance, enable Dehdasht to develop a competitive city image at regional and national levels. The study demonstrates that even cities with low urban recognition can, through targeted planning and integrated strategies, enhance their attractiveness to both internal and external stakeholders and improve their overall urban status.

Abstract Background and Aim: Adapting to quality operations in the 4.0 industry has become one of the most important challenges of recent industries; because in order to compete and survive in markets that are compatible with the advanced technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, industries are forced to use high-quality, innovative and intelligent systems of this revolution. The main objective of this study is to analysis and assessment the challenges of adapting quality management operations in the Northwest region rubber industry to the 0.4 industry.
Methods: The research method is based on the purpose and method of data collection of the applied-descriptive type and in terms of analysis, qualitative (Delphi) and quantitative research (statistical test and multi-criteria decision-making technique). The statistical population of this study is experts and specialists of companies active in the rubber industry with sufficient knowledge of the quality management system, especially the dimensions and challenges of the industry 4.0, whose number is assumed to be unlimited due to their unknown nature. In order to access a sufficient sample, questionnaires were designed online and provided to the subjects. The number of samples required to test the main hypothesis of the research: ("There is an inappropriate gap between the current and desired state of quality management 4.0 in the industry") and to appropriately assess the challenges through the Morgan and Krejci sampling table is 384. Finally, after continuous follow-up by the researcher, supplementary questionnaires for 395 experts were provided online in Excel software. In order to identify key challenges in the industry, the Delphi method was used and fifteen indicators were confirmed. Paired comparison tests and t-statistics were used to examine the current and desired state.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that the industry is in a favorable situation in seven challenges and is somewhat far from the desired situation in eight challenges, which requires serious attention and planning from managers; but overall, the industry's situation is somewhat favorable in terms of all challenges. Finally, the SWARA technique was used to rank the challenges in terms of importance for coping. The output showed that the fourth key challenge (lack of skills) with the highest weight is ranked first, and the thirteenth challenge (cybersecurity and data protection) and the first (lack of management support) were ranked second and third. Also, the fifteenth challenge (internet speed) was ranked last with the least importance. Finally, practical suggestions were presented to the industry.

Abstract Background and Objective: The emergence of metaverse cities is a novel phenomenon and a necessity for the future of urban environments globally. The urban metaverse results in the creation of enhanced, resilient, and sustainable cities, facilitating future urban decision-making for city managers. The primary reason for the explosion of the metaverse is that it brings limitless imagination to people. The emerging metaverse technology will undoubtedly inject new vitality into smart cities, open up more practical scenarios, and propel them forward.
Research Methodology: This research aims to discuss digitalization and the impact of digital twins on the advancement of modern cities, as well as the core content and key technologies of smart cities. This study is considered fundamental research. It is question - driven and conducted through documentary and library research. Additionally, it is a qualitative exploratory study that employs qualitative content analysis to answer the research questions. Information gathering tools in this research include library sources such as books, articles, theses, development plans, and internet resources.
Findings and Conclusion: Overall, this research serves as a significant reference for the overall development and practical application of smart cities based on digital twins, enhancing the overall operational efficiency and governance level of cities.

Abstract Background and Aim:  The historical area of cities is a valuable heritage that plays a special role in identifying urban life over time. Therefore, in the meantime, the historical knowledge of the constituent elements of cities their role in sustainability in the dynamism sustainability of cities is very decisive. Meanwhile, the market has long been one of the social important neighborhoods both economically and culturally, politically, socially urban.
Methodology:In this article, by recognizing the market category its role in the development of the city, especially Islamic cities, to identify the factors affecting the old market in order to analyze the face performance of the market using qualitative analysis method based on documentary study MAXQDA software.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in previous studies, there are 9 main components including 91 different sub-components.These are: market characteristics, market architecture shape, urban landscape, the effects of the market being Islamic, Islamic market characteristics, market changes evolution, market location, market elements, market functions.
The results showed that market functions include economic, political, religious, cultural, social, recreational communication functions. To perform these functions, market elements include various economic components of the market (shop, main  sub-order, sera (khan), household There were Qaisaria, Chaharsoo, Maidan, Jalukhan  Khojreh), mosque, shrine, school, water storage, Saqakhaneh, caravanserai bath.

Abstract Background and Aim:This research has been done with the aim of identifying indicators of human resource management based on cooperation to achieve organizational goals in the field of health.
The research method:The research was carried out meta-combination by examining 142 sources, during the meta-combination process, 27 articles were selected in Irandoc, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, IEEE and ACM databases and search engines between the years (2000-2022). First, a code was considered for all the factors extracted from previous studies and then they were categorized in a concept. Two coders were used to control the extracted codes and concepts, and the intended index in this context was the Holstein index.
Results: Based on the analysis done with the help of the content analysis method, there are a total of 5 main categories and 19 subcategories including; The field of collaborative (recruitment based on Collaborative, Collaboration-based organizational culture, Collaboration-based training, Evaluation with a collaborative approach, Collaborative-Based career design, conflict of interest and Collaborative-Based communication), Incentive for Collaboration (perception of justice, Establishing trust for Collaboration, Reward based on Collaboration, Motivation to participate and providing resources for Collaboration), facilitator of Collaboration (Collaborative-Based leadership, Support for Collaborative activities and having emotional intelligence), achievements of Collaboration (Consequence of Collaboration) and Partnership or joint Collaboration (Collaboration-Based team-building, common goal and Collaborative planning) for the indicators of human resource management of cooperation-oriented identification became.
achievements of Collaboration (Consequence of Collaboration) and Partnership or joint Collaboration (Collaboration-Based team-building, common goal and Collaborative planning) for the indicators of human resource management of cooperation-oriented identification became.

Abstract Background and Aim: The increasing importance of fossil fuels in the last century and the lack of non-renewable resources on earth has led to the extinction of human life. In recent years, there has been a shift towards cleaner methods where energy pollution from non-renewable sources is minimized. Each climate has its own conditions and characteristics, and this is the trend towards sustainable architecture in the traditional architecture of Iran. The importance of using energy to provide solutions increases at all levels. Due to its location on the sun belt, Iran is one of the suitable areas to benefit from the sunlight, and it is possible to increase the comfort function by taking advantage of the climatic features and the features of the traditional elements of sustainable architecture, taking into account efficiency and productivity. important indicators such as: orientation based on three institutionalized rune categories and models for city and house structure in Iran, walls in terms of materials and thickness, form of roofs, color and openings of external surfaces of traditional houses, etc. were used so that the amount of consumption It reduced the energy so as to be able to get rid of the environmental problems of the city.
Methods: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect information and data.
Findings and Conclusion: By examining the theories of logical reasoning for the documentation of the texts, in this method it is tried to spread the qualitative and conceptual strategy issues in this research, and at the end of the research, the indicators of sustainability in the traditional houses of Iran were presented; As he got ideas and lessons from the energy efficiency of traditional Iranian houses to achieve a desirable design for today's modern architecture.

Abstract Background and Aim: Urban growth in the 20th century greatly increased the share of the urban population and turned urbanization into the dominant way of life. Today, with the expansion and complexity of the urban system and urbanization, statesmen and other officials alone are able to control and guide urban communities and respond to the ever-increasing needs of development. They are not urban. In this case, a process of collaboration between the government, the public sector, civil society and the private sector is formed, which is called urban governance.
 Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of good urban governance (case study of areas 4 and 5 of Ahvaz city). It is practical and in terms of the method, it is descriptive and analytical research. Data and information collection has been done by documentary, library and survey methods. In this regard, the community and sample size of 30 experts and experts working in the municipality of regions 4 and 5 For weighting and ranking indicators, hierarchical analysis (AHP) was used, and for statistical analysis, T-test was used.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings show that region 4 is a rich region and region 5 is a low region. The examination of the indicators of good urban governance in these areas of Shahr-e-Hawaz shows that the level of desirability of the state of good urban governance in region 5 was lower than the average level. The results of the analysis for the ranking of regions show that region 4 had a better situation. And region 5, as a less privileged region, is the first priority for improving the conditions for implementing good urban governance.

Abstract Background and Aim: Today's man is not able to live without considering what has happened to him, and in order to have a better life, he must rely on the infrastructure he has already acquired. Human identity is manifested in the most basic state in the environment that is self-decorated. With the arrival of cultural elements from other countries, especially western countries, the culture and the identity of the Iranian society have undergone changes; Therefore, today, the discussion about identity and culture has been paid attention to in various scientific branches. Since one of the methods of investigating the identity of society is to pay attention to its spatial and urban communication elements, this article is presented with the aim of investigating the place of mosque architecture in giving identity to the urban space. The goals of this research are to revive the urban space and its aesthetic features, to breathe a new spirit in different social, economic, cultural and physical fields, to change the level of culture, to preserve and promote ancient values, to create a contemporary urban space with the pattern of elements Tradition and consolidation of the sense of belonging to the named place.
Methods: The research method in the data collection section was carried out in a qualitative manner, the extraction and examination of the elements of identity in the architecture of mosques was carried out in the form of a conceptual diagram and in a library and documentary manner.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the research show that paying attention to the body and the way of arranging spaces and other urban elements, along with the cultural and spiritual issues that are the duties of urban designers, are among the things that promote the identity of mosques in the urban space.

Abstract Background and Aim: People always seek to provide security as one of their basic needs, also it has been considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life from urban planners and managers point of view. Precisely, feeling of social security in urban spaces is one of the most important indicators of quality of life for citizens. With the increasing necessity of creating security in societies, the tools, methods and approaches to create and maintain it have undergone transformation. Therefore, urban management is one of the important aspects of urban planning, which is directly related to human societies, especially urban society, and creating social security; therefore, the aim of this research is to review the role and position of urban management in improving the social security of cities.
Methods:Methodology of this paper is library-analytical. First, definitions and theories have been collected through library studies. Second, for the data analysis, the review of the theoretical foundations and the research conducted in this field, the components of social security and the impact of the performance and role of urban management on each of them have been discussed.
Findings and Conclusion: Studies show that based on the coefficient of determination, 28% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. Beta coefficient (BTA) also indicates a direct relationship between two independent and dependent variables. As a result, through the regression analysis of two variables, it can be concluded that the level of social security and crime prevention increases with the improvement of urban management performance.
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Abstract Background and Aim: The performance of employees is a subject that is closely related to the achievement of the organization's goals, so that the performance of employees is considered equivalent to the performance of the organization. Therefore, paying attention to the knowledge and skills of human resources and empowering these unique capitals in organizations, especially in this era, is a necessary and undeniable thing. The most important factor in improving productivity in municipalities and in any country is human resources, so that this factor has become an important and fundamental element in explaining the differences in productivity and its growth in different countries. Since the main basis of development is human, improving the quality of human resources is very necessary in development and has a fundamental and decisive role in any planning for the development and productivity of human resources; Therefore, economic development will not be achieved without prioritizing the productivity and development of human resources, which will not be realized as part of the long-term and comprehensive practical planning process based on accurate information from the past, present and clear future. The aim of this research is to explain effective solutions and empower human capital in increasing the efficiency and improving the performance of municipalities.
Methods: The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and method, and theoretical and practical in terms of purpose.
Findings and Conclusion: From the experts' point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the components affecting talent management (identification, employment, development, maintenance) and empowerment (training, participation, motivation) as well as the stages of empowerment (empowerment, structure, process) and how to evaluate their effectiveness, which were investigated in this study.

Abstract Background and Aim: One of the most important behavioral issues in the field of management is urban management, which determines many variables of the organization. And following that, in recent decades, the issue of knowledge management has been raised as a strategic need for institutions, organizations and service institutions. Which guarantees long-term advantages for organizations, especially in the field of urban and community management and their utilization of human, intellectual and informational capitals of the municipality. In this regard; The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of knowledge management indicators on the performance of urban management using the interpretive structural model of ISM in the Municipality of Kermanshah.
Methods: The method is practical in terms of targeting, and descriptive-analytical in terms of identifying the trends and relationships. In the process of preparing and producing data, firstly, the effective factors on the impact of knowledge management on the urban management of municipality of Kermanshah were identified using the ideas of 20 experts and professors in related organizations through the Delphi method. In order to analyze the data, 10 factors which have strong influence on factors of knowledge management in performance of urban management, in municipalities of regions of Kermanshah, ISM interpretive-structural modeling is used, then with Mic-Mac software applied.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research showed that technology standard, organizational culture, human resources infrastructure, are among the most influential factors, and five leadership criteria are process mechanism, citizen participation, strengthening non-governmental organizations, and smart city are among the most influential factors. There is a two-way relationship between the variables of knowledge management and urban management, and they influence each other a lot. Also, the results obtained from Mick-Mack show that most of the factors are linked variables and have high dependence and high guiding power. At the end, a proposal has been made to strengthen knowledge management on the urban management of municipality of Kermanshah.

Abstract Todays, municipality is an institution that has a major impact on the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, citizens' satisfaction is one of the most important criteria for measuring municipal performance. therefore, in this research, tried to measure the level of citizens' satisfaction about performance of Ilam Municipality in various areas by using the opinion of citizens. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and a questionnaire has been used to obtain citizens' opinions. The statistical population includes all residents of Ilam. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula and the required information was obtained from the regions of city of Ilam. SPSS software is used to analyze the data. The results show that the level of citizens' satisfaction with the performance of Ilam Municipality is not at the desired level. On the other hand, the level of citizens' satisfaction in different parts of the city were significantly difference. District 1-1 has the highest and District 2-2 has the lowest level of citizens' satisfaction.

Abstract Today, one of the important approaches to control and manage this phenomenon is the approach of good urban governance. Good urban governance can be defined as the way and process of managing urban affairs or the constructive participation of the public governmental private and civil society sectors in order to achieve sustainable urban development, create a healthy city and improve the quality of life. In the present study, the informal settlement areas of Ilam city have been studied with the approach of good urban governance. The research method is descriptive-analytical. For statistical calculations and analysis of research data, statistical software SPSS, Excel and statistical techniques including t-test, F-test and ANOVA method were used. Research information has been collected in two ways: library and survey (using a questionnaire). The statistical population of the study includes six thousand households living in the informal settlement of Ilam and the sample size is 397 heads of households who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, which was calculated to be 0.86. the evaluation of variable have been done through Likert scale.The results of studies based on the indicators of good urban governance, participation, accountability, legality, justice, transparency, responsibility, effectiveness and efficiency show that the rate of benefiting from good urban governance in Ilam is at a low level. Accordingly, the more good urban governance and its indicators implemented and administrated, the more the expansion of informal settlement controlled.

Abstract Today discussion of space inequalities in cities and the need for the establishment of social justice in the enjoyment of all the citizens for of public services has turned into the serious debates noteworthy for to planners and city administrators. The aim this article is an analysis of the position of the urban areas in Mahabad city in terms of the components of urban services with emphasis on special justice. The research method, with due attention to purpose is functional and in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical approach. The criteria of the study include eleven components of urban public services that the required information is collected from the comprehensive and detailed plan of Mahabad in 2016. For data analysis, the GIS and Excel software were used. Indexes were weighted using Entropy method and were ranked by using VIKOR technique and for examining the land use distribution pattern of urban services; the technique of closet neighborhood was used. Checking the results of the amount of Mahabad-zones enjoyment of possibilities and urban services indicates that area 2 with the privilege of 0/589 and 0/867 have placed at the rankings of areas 7 and 8. As well, investigating the pattern of the land use distribution of urban services at the levels of zones show that most of the land uses have distributed on the basis of cluster model and do not follow a regular pattern. In the end, some solutions have been represented to achieve the space justice.

Abstract Growth and development in cities, in addition to financial resources and economic and social growth, requires efficient urban management. Today, urban management has many challenges. In this study, the challenges facing urban management have been researched and the most important goal is to measure and rank the challenges of urban management in Kermanshah. The present study has been done with a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of applied purpose and the method of data collection is based on the library method and field survey (questionnaire) of the findings based on surveys and interviews with 15 experts. In urban affairs, the city of Kermanshah, which was estimated using a simple random sampling method. In this study, low level components of life and social development, political and structural conflicts of centralized government system and decentralized urban management, nature conflict of local urban management with macro-administrative system, uncertainty of organization and inter-organizational relations of urban management, uncertainty of organization and the internal relations of urban management, inefficiency of urban management laws, shortage and vacuum of specialized human resources have been analyzed through PROMETHEE visual software, in order to prioritize effective criteria in urban management. Findings are based on a survey and interviews with 15 experts from urban affairs departments and other bodies related to urban management in Kermanshah to determine the superiority and weighting functions of the indicators and finally their ranking using the vp model. According to the ranking of components, the inefficiency index of the rules with pH + 1. Has the highest weight and the index of organizational relations with a weight of 0.00 ph. +. They have the lowest priority scoring challenges for urban management, which requires serious attention of city managers and decision makers.