Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Background and Objective: Roads are one of the most fundamental means of communication between humans, states, and cultures. Throughout different historical periods, roads have always played an important role in creating links between human societies and transmitting cultures, and their existence has been a political requirement for the development of civilizations.
Methodology: The present study, using a historical-archaeological approach, examines the spatial pattern and functions of the road system in northwest Iran during the Seljuk and Timurid periods. Due to its location at the intersection of the Central Iranian Plateau with the Caucasus and Asia Minor, this region has always been at the center of Iran's political and economic developments.
Results and Findings: The findings of the present study indicate that during the Seljuk period, the concentration of power and bureaucratic authority led to the formation of a coherent network of safe roads and road bases following a radial-centralized pattern; While in the Timurid period, with the transfer of the political center to Soltanieh and the expansion of the economic role of Tabriz, the road network acquired a multi-focal nature and encompassed diverse communication areas. Spatial and functional analysis of the data indicates that the dynamics of the road network were more than anything else subject to three key factors: the stability of the central government, the adaptation of the structure of the routes to natural features, and the level of prosperity of urban trade; finally, the road management pattern of northwestern Iran can be considered a reflection of the spatial organization of power and the mechanism of continuity of security and economy in the Islamic Middle Ages.

Abstract Background and Objective: Migration, as an influential demographic event, creates significant changes in the structure and distribution of the population. Migration, not only as a phenomenon, but also as a metaphenomenon (an event that occurs due to the context and situation in which people live), has arisen from numerous economic, social, political, and cultural factors. For this reason, the causes and motivations of migration can be examined from different dimensions. Migration from Iran is a complex and multidimensional issue that has attracted much attention in recent years. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of economic factors on migration from Iran, with a special focus on the misery index (sum of inflation and unemployment).
Methodology The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and the documentary-library method was used to collect information. All data on the desired variables were used annually for the period 2000 to 2022. The self-explanatory method with distributional lags was used to examine the relationship between variables. The models presented to examine the effects of lags are known as distributional lag models, one of the most recent methods for these studies is the self-explanatory distributional lags or ARDL method.
Findings and Conclusion: The research findings indicate that the variables population, poverty index and GDP have a significant effect on migration from Iran, but the Gini coefficient inequality index does not have a significant effect on migration. . The poverty index also has a significant and positive effect on migration. . On the contrary, economic growth has a significant and negative effect on migration, so that a one percent increase in economic growth can reduce the migration rate by 0.1 percent. The results show that three key factors population growth, poverty rate and economic growth directly affect the migration process from Iran. With the increase in population, the pressure on the country's economic and social resources intensifies. In conditions where job opportunities and public services are not developed, people may migrate in search of better living conditions.

Abstract Background and Aim:Notably, researchers have found a consistent relationship between start-up intention (how likely an individual is to pursue a new venture) and entrepreneurship education intentions (how likely an individual is to pursue entrepreneurship education).However, despite the benefits of entrepreneurship education, many people without entrepreneurial knowledge continue to start new companies.The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurship education with the moderating role of entrepreneurial enthusiasm in Science and Technology Park of Kerman city.
Methods:This research is applied in terms of purpose.In terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-survey type.The statistical population of this research is the entrepreneurs of knowledge-based companies under the Kerman Science and Technology Park, which is about 150 people.The selected sample of this research was 99 of these people.The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire and the data analysis tool was SPSS and Smart-PLS software of version 4.The research findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial enthusiasm.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education. Also, the findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education. Finally, the findings showed that there is no significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education. The findings of the research model also showed that this model is well fitted. At the end, practical suggestions based on the output of each of the research hypotheses were presented to the studied organization. By placing entrepreneurial intention in the foreground, not only the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention has received less attention in the literature, but also the role of entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship education has been less discussed. Also, the high failure rate of start-ups shows that entrepreneurship training has received less attention from educational centers. On the other hand, none of the studies carried out in the past have examined the relationship between the three components of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial enthusiasm, while considering the conditions of the country and the increasing risks of creating a business, the existence of effective and practical training It is very necessary and it is a problem that can have a significant impact on the creation and development of businesses and reducing their failure rate, and this review can help to form more effective trainings in this field.

Abstract Background and Aim: Cooperatives are the most democratic organizations on earth, whose members are the main owners, and it is expected that cooperatives can make the most of this valuable feature. The purpose of the current research is to investigate and provide solutions to increase the participation of cooperative members in the affairs related to the cooperative companies of Ahvaz city.
Methods and Material: This research was done with quantitative approach, survey method and using questionnaire technique to collect data. Based on Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected from all the members of the cooperatives as the sample size. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster. Data analysis was done using spss software version 22.
Results and Discussion: The findings showed that there is a difference between managers' views on the importance of members' participation, the level of information about the programs related to cooperative affairs, the level of information about meetings related to cooperative affairs, the level of satisfaction with information on cooperative affairs, satisfaction with the managers' performance, There is a significant relationship between the willingness of managers to participate in meetings, the encouragement of managers to participate in meetings, and the awareness of members about the benefits of participating in cooperative affairs with the participation of cooperative members. However, there has been no significant relationship between the amount of capital of the members in the cooperative and the amount of their participation. Also, the step-by-step regression results showed that the variables of the amount of information about cooperative meetings, the importance of members' participation, and the level of satisfaction with managers' performance had the greatest contribution in explaining the participation of cooperative members in the affairs of cooperative companies. And in total, they explained 80% of the changes in the dependent variable, which indicates a very high level of explanation.