Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Background and Aim: The elements of local architecture of each region are more influenced by environmental and climatic factors than any other factor. These factors, as a determining factor, have led to the emergence of different architectural styles in different regions; to the extent that their effect is visible in the entire urban context and even in individual buildings and interior architectural elements of spaces. The current research studies the effect of the environment and geographical components on the design and construction of old houses in the historical context of the city of Ardabil.
Methods and Material:This research is analytical-descriptive and based on the authors' survey in the historical context of the city of Ardabil and on library studies and field surveys.
Research questions: The research questions are formulated as follows: 1) What effect has the climate had on the location and layout of traditional houses and the urban space of Ardabil? What climatic and geographical factors have influenced the layout, physical space, and architectural components of historical houses in the city of Ardabil?
Results and Discussion: The results of the study show that architects have considered factors such as the direction of the sun's rays, humidity, temperature, and wind directions in designing urban spaces and the layout of buildings and spaces. Also, the overall shape of the courtyards, interior and exterior spaces, openings, and materials used are in harmony with the ecosystem of the studied area.

Abstract Background and Purpose: Shifting from the car-centric paradigm to a human-centric approach in designing public spaces is a critical prerequisite for enhancing citizens' quality of life. This study aims to assess the impact of human-centric urban design on the quality of life of users at Mosallas Square in Dezful. In this model, the mediating role of "satisfaction" and the direct effects of "perceived quality" and "sense of belonging" were analyzed within the structural equation modeling framework to examine how the physical characteristics of the space are perceived by users and translated into quality of life.
Methodology: Applied in purpose and descriptive-survey in nature, this study adopts a correlational approach. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire from a sample of 384 users selected through random sampling. This instrument measured components of human-centric design and quality of life across physical and perceptual dimensions. To analyze the structural relationships between variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was employed in SmartPLS software.
Results and Findings: Descriptive findings indicate that while the square possesses a high capacity for fostering a sense of belonging (mean = 3.54), the environmental comfort index is at the lowest level (mean = 2.62), reflecting weaknesses in infrastructural and climatic facilities The results demonstrate that human-centric urban design has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction, and this variable plays a mediating role in enhancing quality of life. Additionally, 'sense of belonging' and 'perceived quality' exert a direct and significant impact on quality of life. The findings suggest that in identity-based public spaces, such as Mosallas Square, the impact of physical weaknesses on quality of life and user satisfaction can be neutralized by the power of 'sense of belonging' and collective memories. Therefore, it is proposed that urban interventions in this square, alongside physical modifications, should focus on improving the lived experience and psychological satisfaction of the users.

Abstract Background and Objective: This paper has confirmed that coworking spaces, as one of the emerging spaces, require flexibility. However, the models presented for assessing flexibility in architectural design face two problems. The first problem is that such models have been presented for other uses such as housing, etc., and the second problem is that little effort has been made to modify and improve existing models. This paper seeks to present a model for assessing flexibility in the architecture of coworking spaces.
Methodology: This research, which is descriptive-analytical in nature, adopts an inductive approach and seeks to extract components for flexible collaborative work units by reviewing and analyzing existing written sources on flexibility. These sources were collected from various Persian and English fields in various disciplines (from Google Scholar and Magiran) and comparison and rational arguments were used to analyze them.
Findings and Results: The results showed that this research has shown that flexibility in the architectural design of collaborative work units can be assessed at three levels: general flexibility (through the ten components of changeability, ease of change, non-disappearance, consideration of uncertainty, the existence of multiple options, coordination with new requirements, no need for permanent changes, reversibility, the need for a force for change, and its solution-oriented nature); general architectural flexibility (through the three dimensions of internal/external; micro/macro; physical/spatial) and architectural flexibility related to collaborative work (at dual organizational and temporal scales).

Abstract Background and Objective: Public spaces are the most important part of the structure of cities and play an important role in the health and quality of life of citizens. In the meantime, urban sidewalks are known as the most important public areas of a city and have a significant impact on improving urban vitality indicators among citizens in a space and even in the entire city. Vitality and dynamism are important elements in the qualitative assessment of public spaces. Vitality itself is a reflection of the activities that take place in the space, and making cities pedestrian-oriented is a way to facilitate and encourage activities that can help promote vitality in cities. In this regard, the aim of this research is to answer the following questions at the core of the work. 1- What are the factors affecting the vitality of the Ferdowsi sidewalk? 2- What is the order of citizens' priority of the factors affecting the vitality of this sidewalk? 3- What is the status of the vitality of this Ferdowsi sidewalk from the perspective of citizens?
Research Methodology: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the vitality of the Ferdowsi sidewalk in Sanandaj city. This is a descriptive-analytical study. The variables of sidewalk vitality were identified and, from the literature review, related studies were designed in the form of a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale (five options) and completed by 100 users of Ferdowsi sidewalk in Sanandaj city. The data were analyzed using Spss software. The statistical population of this study included residents of Sanandaj city who used Ferdowsi sidewalk between September and October 1403. Due to the fact that the aforementioned statistical population was not concentrated in a specific location, convenience sampling was used and the sample size was 100 of the aforementioned pedestrians.
Findings: The effective components of the vitality of the sidewalks were introduced in the form of 12 components, and the factor loadings and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the vitality factors of the Ferdowsi sidewalk were the highest factor loading of 0.81 related to the component of holding social events during the year and the lowest factor loading of 0.59 related to the component of night activities. Discussion and Conclusion: 12 components were examined in this study that should be significantly prioritized in the optimal design of sidewalks in order to increase vitality. In the studies conducted, the effective factors in the vitality of the Ferdowsi sidewalk are the "accessibility-spatial" factor with a correlation coefficient of 0.94, "functional-environmental" with a correlation coefficient of 0.92, and "social-cultural" with a correlation coefficient of 0.88, respectively. In examining the level of satisfaction of citizens with the vitality factors of the sidewalk, the highest level of satisfaction was with the "accessibility-spatial" factor with an average of 3.85, and the lowest level of satisfaction was with the "social-cultural" factor with an average of 3.61. The average satisfaction with the vitality of the Ferdowsi sidewalk is 3.70, which is average.

Abstract Background and Objective: Parks and public green spaces are part of the ecological fabric of cities to the extent that the environmental life and sustainability of cities depend on them. This study aims to assess the level of satisfaction of women with women's parks. For this purpose, Pardis Women's Park and Shahed Women's Park in Kermanshah were selected. The better design of green space in women's parks leads to attendance, promotion of social interactions, reduction of depression, and ultimately their satisfaction with this space. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of urban parks in Kermanshah.
Research Method: The effective components in their satisfaction were identified and a researcher-made questionnaire was developed from the review of texts, related studies, and expert opinions. It was designed with the approval of relevant experts in the form of a Likert scale (five options) and completed by 400 women from Pardis Women's Park and Shahed Women's Park in Kermanshah. The data were analyzed using Spss software. The statistical population of this study includes all women visiting Pardis and Shahed Parks during the period from June to January 1403.
Findings: The effective components of green space in urban women's parks were introduced in the form of 23 components, with the average satisfaction level of women in Pardis Women's Park being 3.43 and Shahed Women's Park being 3.07, meaning that women's satisfaction level with Pardis Women's Park is higher than Shahed Women's Park. The frequency distribution of interests of the studied individuals showed that 30.0 percent of women were interested in green space and 24.5 percent of women were interested in sports.
Discussion and Conclusion: 23 components were examined in this study, which should be significantly prioritized in the optimal design of green space in urban parks to increase their satisfaction.

Abstract Background and Aim: Hospital landscape is being known an important place for patients. It is especially important to regard hospital landscape design as an important quality factor of such environments. However, there is not enough attention given to this matter in the city of Tabriz, Iran. The present research investigates to introduce landscape principal design in hospital green spaces in Tabriz.
Methods and Material: A qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted among nine landscape experts of university of Tabriz those specialized in landscape design, architecture, and urban planning. Before conducting interview, the survey sheet was given participants read which give enough time for them to give more accurate and scientific answers. The experts were asked to explain their opinions regarding hospital landscape furniture, patient mental restoration, visual appeal, social interaction, patients’ leisure time and hospital landscape design elements.
Results and Discussion: The results indicate that hospital Landscape must be corresponding to the needs of three groups of patients, staff and visitors. Cleanness and accessibility and high security are important factors which may affect patients’ tendency patient group to use hospital green space. By providing recreational facilities and amenities such as terraces and monolithic design, visitors might be encouraged to spend more time in the hospital environment. Providing private and quiet space is necessary for staff to relax and escape from stress and pressure. In addition, designed social spaces are necessary to enhance the efficiency of hospital and awareness of people. Elements such as stairs, slippery, uneven floors, allergenic plants and poisonous plants are not appropriate for hospital landscape. Proper maintenance of plants is essential to maintain freshness and greenery, which in turn affects the psychological comfort and satisfaction of users.  Application of the research finding will help to create better landscape in hospital environment and enhance users’ willingness to contact with nature in among urban dwellers.

Abstract Background and Aim: Urban parks as one of the public spaces are considered as one of the most important parts of urban environments due to having various social, economic, and ecological functions. This research tries to identify the criteria effective on the design of urban parks with the approach of citizens' satisfaction and then prioritize them for Misagh Park.
Methods: To conduct this study, 364 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the target population (applicants) to improve the results in the spring and summer of 2017. In this investigation, the questionnaire questions were set in four parts, in the order that in the first part related to personal information, social, economic, and environmental trends, in the second part functional indicators, in the third part social indicators and in the fourth part Visual quality indicators were evaluated.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the Karskal Wallis non-parametric test showed that the difference between the answers of 364 questionnaires regarding the 16 variables investigated in this study is significant at the 0.01 level, and the results of comparing the averages of the investigated variables showed that the variables of playground safety, vegetation According to the respondents, the number of sports spaces, attractiveness of lighting, recreational spaces, visual quality, quality of lighting and quality of sports spaces do not have a favorable condition, but the variables of feeling of security, access to the main street, access to the city, access to park places. According to the respondents, the flooring of the park is in a favorable condition. The results of this study can be very effective in the design of urban parks with the aim of improving the satisfaction of citizens.

Abstract Background and Objective: Due to climate change and the increasing global demand for energy, there is a growing need to reconsider energy consumption approaches and enhance efficiency. One of the proposed solutions in recent years is the implementation of green roofs, which have been shown to positively impact energy consumption in buildings by reducing heat transfer, providing shading, and controlling pollutants. The performance of green roofs is influenced by various factors, one of which is the type of vegetation used. This study aims to investigate the effect of different vegetation types on building energy consumption in cold climates.
Method and Materials: This research is a descriptive-analytical study. A one-story residential building in Tabriz was selected for the study, and three types of vegetation—Vinca, Frankenia, and Sedum—were chosen for the green roof. Energy simulations and evaluations of the building's thermal behavior were conducted using DesignBuilder 7.0.2.004 software.
Findings and Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of Vinca, Frankenia, and Sedum vegetation on the green roof reduced energy consumption by 4.2%, 3.9%, and 3.8%, respectively, compared to a building with a conventional roof. Among the tested species, Vinca proved to be the most effective green cover for extensive roof gardens in reducing building energy consumption. Green roofs in Tabriz’s climate present a practical and sustainable solution for reducing energy consumption in cold and dry climates. The results confirm the positive impact of green roofs on building energy optimization in this climate.

Abstract Background and Aim: Background and Aim: In order to create a healthy society for further development, resorts and tourist areas must be created, developed and maintained to meet the ever-increasing demands of the people. On Ibn Ali in Tabriz is one of the main tourist areas of Tabriz city. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors affecting the satisfaction of foreign tourists of this resort.
Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of non-local tourists who visited the Aoun Bin Ali resort. The non-random sample size was calculated using Cochran formula of 380 people and finally the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25.
Findings and Conclusion: Based on the factor analysis, the independent variables were classified into four factors (social supervision, safety of the promenade, legibility of (path, quality of access) and the dependent variable was classified into three factors (picnic facilities, quality of furniture and sports facilities of the promenade). The result of the regression analysis also showed that the factors of resort security and quality of access could significantly predict the satisfaction of 40% of tourists with the resort, with quality of access having the largest influence (0.50) on the level of satisfaction. The results of analyzing the age status of tourists in On Ibn Ali resort showed that most tourists are young respondents. Therefore, the plans should be more tailored to the tourism needs of this age group and the tastes of these people, as well as to the environmental strength and potential of the tourism area, since in each age group the individual and social characteristics of a person are different and express particular leisure needs. There are obvious differences between the leisure needs of young and older people Understanding the factors that influence foreign tourist satisfaction provides designers and resort managers with useful information for planning new resorts.

Abstract Introduction: As educational centers, universities play an important role in the development of society and the promotion of sustainable concepts. Despite their size, the green spaces and landscape of universities, including the University of Tabriz, were less welcomed by students. The aim of this study is to improve the design of university open spaces and to identify the qualitative components of these spaces. The university landscape, including green spaces, plays an important role in communication between students and also provides them with opportunities to rest and study.
Method and Material: The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 experts (architects, landscape architects and urban planners) and focused on the role of green spaces in reducing stress, promoting social interactions and increasing visual appeal. The results indicate that university open spaces should be designed as social places for student exchange and interaction. It is recommended to design rooms with unobstructed views, beautiful visual quality, a calm environment and the use of native elements and compatible plants.
Result and discussion: The results show that the design of university open spaces should be viewed as a social place for students' social exchange. Creating publicly accessible spaces, increasing social oversight, eliminating low-canopy species, or mass planting can have an impact on the environment.
Conclusion: These changes can have a positive impact on students' mental and physical recovery and increase their mental readiness to learn, as well as increase social interactions and improve student culture. These insights can be used for better planning and management of university campuses.

Abstract Background and Aim: Urban parks serve as escapes from the city, improving mental and physical health and promoting social interaction. Young people are among the most vulnerable populations in society and are less likely to visit parks, especially girls between the ages of 15 and 24. Young people benefit from urban parks because they improve mental health and reduce loneliness, especially among girls between the ages of 15-24.
Methods and Material: In this study 513 questionnaires were distributed and completed by young girls living in the parks Abidar, Ashti, Rojiar and Kochka-rash were present in Sanandaj city as part of this study. Activities, sociability, and comfort and well-being were the three independent variables that made up the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data.
Results and Discussion: With a correlation coefficient of 0.800, Spearman correlation results in SPSS software showed that park activities had the greatest impact on reducing young girls' feelings of loneliness. The sociability of the park (correlation coefficient: 0.707) and comfort and well-being (correlation coefficient: 0.682) are then individually ranked second and third. According to the study's findings, young girls' feelings of loneliness in parks can be alleviated by providing them with appropriate opportunities for social interactions and activities, as well as comfort and well-being. By taking their preferences into account, parks can be transformed into spaces that effectively support improvisation.

Abstract Background and Aim: Nowadays, with demographic changes, the increase in the number of elderly people and the spread of dementia, it is necessary to create urban environments that meet the needs of these people. This highlights the need to elucidate a comprehensive conceptual framework of urban design principles specifically to address the complex challenges faced by people with dementia. Evidence and studies indicate that urban design has an effect on reducing the symptoms of dementia in urban residents. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between urban environment design and dementia and develop a conceptual framework focused on the principles of urban design to prevent the exacerbation of dementia symptoms through urban design.
Methods: The current research is a quantitative and qualitative review of existing studies in the field of "Principles of urban design related to people with dementia". The method of collecting information in this research is library studies and data analysis is content analysis. Hence, published articles on the principles of urban design for people with dementia have been done. In this regard, the data of this research was collected through document study of authentic texts in the field of urban design, environmental psychology, psychology and psychiatry. Databases were selected for searching and extracting PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sage, Science Direct and Taylor & Francis articles.
Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the research include the components of the built environment and the principles of urban design related to the disease of dementia, which have been raised in different dimensions of physical, social, environmental, etc. At the end, the qualities mentioned in the studies with their frequency were calculated and the corresponding table and graph were drawn. Also, in order to identify the components of urban design to meet the environmental needs of people with dementia, the proposed research framework was presented. This conceptual framework serves as a guiding resource for urban planners, architects and policy makers seeking to create dementia-inclusive cities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that urban design has principles and components that affect the improvement of cognitive impairment in people with dementia, which is one of the main achievements of this research.

Abstract Background and Objective: The identity-building components of architecture play a crucial role in strengthening cultural and religious identity, as well as fostering convergence and cohesion among different ethnicities and religions. The city of Urmia, with its rich history and cultural and religious diversity, is a prominent example of this convergence. Recognizing and enhancing these components can help preserve and promote cultural and religious identity while strengthening social cohesion. This research continues previous studies aimed at identifying the identity-building components of architecture with an emphasis on the convergence of ethnicities and religions in the neighborhoods leading to Imam Street (the old and historic fabric of Urmia). The study aims to identify the identity-building components that influence architecture and define the specific characteristics of the architecture in that region.
Methodology: The current research is developmental in terms of its objective and applied in nature, as it seeks to recognize the identity-building components of architecture with an emphasis on the convergence of ethnicities and religions. Given the nature of the research topic, the research method of this dissertation is considered a mixed quantitative-qualitative study. However, the core of the research relies on a descriptive-analytical method. In the descriptive-analytical section, field surveys, data collection through observation, interviews, photography, etc., are conducted.
Findings and Conclusion: The results from examining the central neighborhoods leading to Imam Street in Urmia show that the identity-building components of architecture significantly enhance and reflect the cultural and religious identity of the city. The architectural diversity in these neighborhoods represents extensive cultural and religious interactions that have contributed to the peaceful coexistence of different ethnicities and religions. This study indicates that architecture can act as a powerful tool for fostering convergence and social cohesion, and attention to these components can help preserve and promote cultural and religious identity while enhancing social cohesion.

Abstract Background and Aim: The indicators of desirable public spaces are also related to individual perceptions and social and cultural values, that these needs influence people's behavior in the environments in front of them and are one of the important factors of environmental quality criteria. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of urban design on the behavior of citizens (case example: Modares Street, Kermanshah).
Methods: The current research, in terms of the applied-developmental purpose and according to the nature of the study and the proposed hypotheses, the research method is descriptive-analytical (survey) and correlational. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size of citizens in Modares Street is considered to be 246 people. Also, the sampling method is a simple random method. In order to collect information and know the region, two library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. In data analysis, statistical methods and Tukey's tests, one-sample T and Pearson's correlation were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that there is a correlation coefficient of 0.052 with a significance level of 0.008 between the variable of behavioral patterns and urban design in the direction of users' behavior in relation to space. This means that the two mentioned variables have a direct correlation with a confidence level of 0.99. Between physical and economic variables, there is a correlation coefficient of 0.135 with a significance level of 0.009. This means that the two mentioned variables have a direct correlation with a confidence level of 0.99. Also, the results showed that there is a correlation coefficient of -0.052 with a significance level of 0.008 between visual-aesthetic and environmental variables. This means that the two mentioned variables are not correlated.The highest degree of influence can be seen in social components and then in economic components with a close score, and the physical criterion has the lowest degree of influence in the influencing factors of urban spaces on behavioral patterns in the mental image of citizens

Abstract Background and Aim: Sustainable and creative urban regeneration with an emphasis on compatible economic activities as an article tries to answer questions about regeneration. Considering the rapid process of urbanization and its effects on historical and dilapidated textures, more attention and care is felt in these textures.
Methods:In this research, an attempt has been made to collect case study samples to investigate sustainable and creative urban regeneration projects in developed countries as well as historical countries, and the information collection of these regeneration projects has been used to create a model suitable for this issue. For this purpose, a descriptive comparative table has been used to complete the information and create creative solutions.
Findings and Conclusion:Historical contexts have the highest cultural as well as economic potentials, in order to take advantage of them in line with the development of the region and also to prevent its decline, reliable and responsive solutions should be used. The following research is also in search of investigating these solutions and the feasibility of creative regeneration based on local economy in the projects of different cities of the world in order to fill the gap in the development of historical contexts, especially from an economic point of view. The results of this research indicate that the best and most comprehensive method for re-creation and better and optimal design of this historical context is the creative economy and its solutions, which include branding, increasing the relationship between tourism and industries, creating economic values, investing, creating or it is a change of use, therefore, the use of the desired approach and creative economic development in recreating the historical context will lead to its dynamism and economic and cultural development.

Abstract Background and Aim:
Considering the rapid process of urbanization and its effects on historical and dilapidated textures, more attention and care is felt in these textures. Therefore, in order to eliminate the created problems and inadequacies and to use the capacities hidden in them, the optimal solution of regeneration is used.In this research, creative urban regeneration policies are necessary due to the historicity of the center of the neighborhoods of most parts of the country, and it improves the process of preserving historical textures and prevents them from damage. If economic development solutions are not provided today to improve the economy of historical neighborhoods and revive them, in the near future these neighborhoods will become abandoned neighborhoods which will lose its values and become anti-values, as the experience of other countries also shows that not paying attention to this issue causes marginalization, loss of security and similar issues.That with appropriate planning and design, these issues can be prevented and these values can be preserved in these neighborhoods. For this reason, a set of case examples of successful urban creative regeneration in Iran has been collected, and a model for improving the structure of creative regeneration has been presented from the collection of these examples, and with the help of a descriptive comparative table, the extent to which these criteria have been achieved in the existing examples has been examined.
Methods:First, the course of development and the background and ideas of the topics related to the keywords such as urban regeneration and economic development will be studied and its features and indicators will be extracted and the implemented examples of investments in the historical context and existing patterns in the neighborhood and public spaces will be examined and the conceptual framework of the research will be presented.
Findings and Conclusion:Change and growth in our cities are happening very fast today. Some parts of the city have been able to adapt to these changes, but the historical neighborhoods, which are important parts and preserve the values and culture of the people and has the highest cultural and economic potential, have lagged behind these changes. In this research, an attempt has been made by examining different dimensions and aspects and studying the projects of different cities in Iran in order to fill the gap in the development of historical contexts, especially from an economic point of view, it has been possible to present a design model in line with economic-oriented creative regeneration. In order to achieve the research model, it has been tried to fill the gaps in the studies and researches of the researchers in this field to some extent and finally to obtain economic indicators and suitable solutions in line with the process of urban regeneration in historical neighborhoods.
 

Abstract Iranian-Islamic identity and customs express the cultural characteristics and characteristics of this border and environment. A topic that should appear in all aspects of life, especially in the field of architecture and urban planning. Achieving architecture with identity is a valuable and important issue in contemporary Iranian architecture. Because in the past, Iranian and Islamic architecture was one of the most influential architectural styles in the world; By using their intelligence and ingenuity and ultimately artistry, according to the geographical, climatic and cultural conditions of each region, Iranian architects developed these architectural elements and tried to establish the comfort of the people.This article seeks to create a suitable intellectual framework for this debate in the field of architecture. The research method used in this research is practical in terms of type and its goals, and in terms of research strategy, based on it, the descriptive-analytical method was used, and the library method was used to collect information and data. In order to analyze the theories, a logical argument has been made for the documentation of the texts, and in this method, the issues of qualitative and conceptual strategy are tried to be disseminated in this research.In this way, based on the elements of traditional Iranian architecture that were stated in the theoretical foundations of the research, the summary and suggestion of the components presented in the selection, appropriate and desirable design of the city with the purpose of identity has been presented. The result of the research shows that if the foundations and ways of manifesting the principles and elements of Iranian-Islamic architecture are paid attention to by architects, it can also meet the needs of contemporary people.

Abstract Background and Aim: n recent years, the environmental crisis has been one of the main concerns of human beings. Increasing energy consumption and its impact on the future of the environment has made the design of buildings with a sustainable architectural approach of particular importance. Meanwhile, the physical structure and shape of schools, their environmental and technological qualities, have a great impact on education, culture and achieving a livable world. The main purpose of this study is to achieve the physical characteristics effective in promoting sustainable architecture in schools, so that the physical environment of the school becomes an educational tool for learning environmental issues and sustainable development.
Methods: The present article is of applied type and is a qualitative and descriptive analytical research method. Data collection is based on documentary studies, review of texts, sources and experiences that lead to the extraction of a conceptual model. Finally, the physical indicators derived from the model are analyzed in a case study (François Mitterrand School) and solutions are proposed to design the educational space based on the physical indicators of sustainable development.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that the components that promote sustainability in the educational environment include four main components: physical, environmental, social and economic. In the meantime, the physical component can turn a school into an educational tool for environmental issues and its characteristics include the use of daylight, improving indoor air quality, communication with natural elements, space design to support environmental activity, conscious choice Materials are physical flexibility, reduction of energy consumption through the body and the use of stability elements, which also affect the case study.

Abstract The sense of place establishes an inseparable bond between the individuals and the place, leading to individual harmony and satisfaction with the environment while providing the necessary motivation to remain in the environment. The coffee shop is one of the main urban spaces, chosen not only for drinking tea or coffee but also for experiencing the meaning and emotions while spending some hours away from work and stress. Hence, it is necessary to know the factors that affect the sense of place and what puts humans in an internal relationship with the environment. This study generally aims to examine the concept of the sense of place and the factors affecting its creation, particularly the physical body in the coffee shop environment. Library and documentary studies have been used to collect data and the theoretical foundations of the research. The field survey method (observation, interview) has also been employed to investigate and analyze the physical components affecting the sense of place. According to the results, the physical component, influenced by ten indicators of color, geometry, materials, natural and artificial lights, scale, diversity, beauty, and natural elements, has the most significant contribution to the creation and promotion of the sense of place in the coffee shop. Examination of physical components in Blanche Café also showed that indicators of light, natural elements and spatial diversity are the most effective in promoting a sense of place in the sample. Finally, solutions are proposed to enhance the sense of place for each physical component.