Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS)

Abstract Background and Objective: Geotourism is a type of tourism that studies the natural environment, shapes and landforms because of their attractiveness. Today, tourism is rapidly becoming one of the main pillars of economic, social, cultural and political development. Given this role and position, the existence of tourism in a place can not only be effective in the development of that place but also affect the development process of some indicators in its surrounding environment. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the tourist attractions of Darmin County (the land of historical castles) and find solutions to attract tourists and develop geotourism in the region. For this purpose, 8 geosites and tourist attractions (Abgarm Village due to its hot spring and the tomb of Sultan Ebrahim Reza, Lakhdarideh, Dushangan Tree, Mulla Emad Sand Hill, Hindalan Mosque, Tabas Asbad, Forg Castle and Torsh-Ab) were investigated.
Methodology: The present study is applied and descriptive-survey type in which the data collection method was documentary and survey using questionnaires of tourists and residents of the region. Also, the M-GAM model was used to analyze the data using SPSS.26, ARC GIS and Excel software.
Results and findings: The results showed that Darman County, despite its abundant and pristine tourist attractions, lacks suitable facilities to attract tourists; however, Qale Forg has the highest score in most of the indicators studied. Tourism values have the highest score with 0.875 and scientific-educational values have the lowest score with 0.396.

Abstract Background and Objective: In today's economy, tourism is recognized as one of the key indicators of development and an effective tool for achieving sustainable development. This industry plays a significant role in the economic growth of countries by increasing national income, creating employment, attracting domestic and foreign investment, fostering regional development, and generating foreign exchange earnings. Nevertheless, despite the emphasis on expanding tourism in all development plans and on moving away from a single-product economy reliant on oil exports, Iran has not achieved considerable, tangible, or noticeable success in this area. Therefore, the present study examines the effects of tourism on urban development and economic growth in three provinces—Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, and East Azerbaijan—over the period 2011–2023 (1390–1402 in the Persian calendar). The aim is to determine, considering the tourism potentials of these regions, whether tourism has been able to influence their regional development and growth.
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of objective, and a library method was used to collect statistics and data. Accordingly, the required data were extracted using the statistical yearbooks of the studied provinces for the period 2011–2023, and a regression model was estimated using the panel data regression method.
Results and Findings: The estimation results of the model indicate that the tourism variable has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the studied provinces. Specifically, a one percent increase in the number of incoming tourists to a province leads to a 0.11 percent increase in its economic growth. In other words, despite the existing tourism potentials in these three provinces, particularly their beautiful forest and mountain areas and historical buildings, although the impact of tourism on production growth in these three provinces has been positive, the magnitude of this effect is lower than expected. Furthermore, the coefficients for physical capital, human capital, and labor are estimated to be 0.26, 0.21, and 0.39, respectively. That is, holding other conditions constant, a one percent change in physical capital, human capital, and labor changes the level of output by 0.26%, 0.21%, and 0.39%, respectively.

Abstract Background and Objective: The development of Beach sports tourism, as one of the modern drivers of urban economy, has always faced planning challenges in metropolitan areas. In recent decades, under the influence of severe economic fluctuations and demographic changes, traditional models of utilizing coastal zones in Iranian metropolises have become inefficient, and the necessity of adopting futuristic approaches to transition from one-dimensional strategies is felt more than ever. In this regard, the present study aims to identify and analyze the cross-impacts of key drivers influencing the future of Beach sports tourism in Ahvaz city by the horizon of 2041.
Methodology: The current research is qualitative in nature (future studies) and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. In the first phase, using library studies and the expert Delphi technique (including 50 experts in the fields of tourism and sport management), 30 primary variables were identified across economic, physical, managerial, and social dimensions. Subsequently, using the Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) method and MICMAC software, the level of influence and dependence of these drivers on each other were measured and analyzed to map the future prospect of sports tourism along the Karun River.
Results and Findings: The findings indicate that environmental and economic drivers, acting as the driving engines of the system, possess the power to direct other components, and their strategic dominance over the coastal dynamics of the Karun River in the 2041 horizon is certain. Meanwhile, dual-aspect variables such as identity-building and hosting events play a significant interactive role in connecting infrastructure with macro-objectives. Analyses suggest that the success of this vision does not rely on one-dimensional interventions, but rather requires the establishment of an integrated management system that, by focusing on key drivers and reforming physical structures, provides a sustainable platform for improving infrastructure and enhancing social security. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that policymaking to establish Ahvaz as a sports tourism destination must move beyond siloed approaches and focus on the intelligent reinforcement of environmental and economic drivers, so that the necessary balance and resilience in the Karun coastal zones can be achieved through cascading effects.

Abstract Background and Objective: The development and implementation of creative tourism indicators, as one of the key pillars of urban regeneration and sustainable development, is inextricably linked to cultural, artistic capacities, and local potentials in attracting human and symbolic capital. In the meantime, the metropolis of Ahvaz, despite its rich cultural and ethnic diversity, tangible and intangible attractions (such as the Karun River and modern industrial heritage), faces specific challenges such as harsh climatic conditions, the phenomenon of micro-dust, and the lack of regenerative infrastructure, which impose special structural vulnerabilities on its tourism sector. Therefore, it is essential to move beyond traditional tourism management and move towards creative approaches. The present study aims to identify and prioritize the indicators and criteria of creative tourism in the metropolis of Ahvaz in order to provide a platform for enhancing the capabilities of this metropolis in facing environmental challenges and optimally utilizing its cultural capacities and creative potentials.
Methodology: The present study was conducted using a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative section, through a review of the research literature and semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, tourism management, and cultural studies in the metropolis of Ahvaz, the initial indicators of creative tourism were identified. In the quantitative section, multi-criteria decision-making methods (SIWEC) were used to weight, screen, and prioritize the identified indicators based on the opinions of the elites. The statistical population of this study included university professors, managers, senior experts of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, and experts active in the fields of urban management and planning in the city of Ahvaz. The statistical sample in the qualitative section was selected purposefully (theoretical saturation) and in the quantitative section using the judgmental sampling method.
Results and Findings: The results of the study showed that the indicators of “cultural and artistic capacities” (0.171) and “identity and authenticity” (0.161) have the highest priority in Ahvaz’s creative tourism, while “smart tools” are ranked the lowest. This prioritization proves that the flourishing of tourism in this metropolis requires, above all, reliance on an experience-oriented and participatory approach. Finally, from the experts’ perspective, strengthening the soft flows of identity and immersing tourists in the local atmosphere (such as local music, historical storytelling, and the revitalization of industrial buildings) has much greater effectiveness and immediate priority than hardware and digital infrastructure.

Abstract Purpose and Background: Sports tourism, as one of the dynamic economic and cultural sectors, plays a significant role in the sustainable development of regions with natural potential. Mazandaran Province, with its diverse water, mountainous, and coastal attractions, has considerable capacity for this type of tourism. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the sustainable development of sports tourism in Mazandaran city.
Methodology: The present study was applied research conducted using a qualitative approach through thematic analysis. The statistical population included professors and experts in sports management, tourism specialists, urban planning experts, tourism agency managers, and Ph.D. researchers in sports management and tourism. The research sample was selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 experts until theoretical saturation was achieved. The validity of the study was confirmed by relevant specialists, and the reliability was obtained through the intra-subject agreement method with a coefficient of 87%.
Findings: The results indicated that the study identified 87 key points, 14 concepts, and 6 main categories. These main themes included: individual and communication characteristics of sports tourists, smart services and sustainable tourism safety, sports tourism destination marketing, sports tourism resource management, branding and credibility building in sports tourism, and sustainable tourism development requirements. Accordingly, the sustainable development of sports tourism requires coordinated interaction among human, infrastructural, managerial, and environmental factors. It is recommended that policymakers and tourism stakeholders in Mazandaran adopt an integrated approach, prioritize long-term planning based on local capacities, strengthen infrastructure, and provide training for specialized human resources.

Abstract Background and Objective: The tourism industry, as one of the largest and most important industries in the world and as a key component in the economic and social development of various regions, requires careful attention to the factors affecting it. This research has contributed to an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence tourists' decision-making to choose a destination and can be used as a roadmap for the sustainable development of the tourism industry in countries, especially developing regions. Finally, the findings provide suggestions for improving tourist attraction and developing tourism products.
Methodology: The present study evaluates and ranks the most important factors affecting tourist attraction in four cities of Khorasan Razavi Province. Given the importance of tourism in economic development and job creation, identifying and analyzing the factors affecting tourist attraction is a basic necessity. The aim of this research is to evaluate and rank the factors of tourism attraction in the cities of Neyshabur, Quchan, Sabzevar and Chenaran.
Findings and Results: In this research, the method of collecting information and data is carried out in two ways, in the first method, the information necessary for implementing the research is collected and evaluated through a questionnaire, and the second method includes library studies. Then, the main criteria are weighted using the fuzzy Soara method and the final ranking is done with the Kopras method. In this research, the cities of Neyshabur, Quchan, Chenaran and Sabzevar were examined and ranked based on natural, religious, historical, cultural, facilities and services factors. The results of the research show that the presented hybrid model has high accuracy and also Neyshabur city has the six criteria mentioned in the first rank in terms of examination. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions have been made to improve the tourism situation.

Abstract Background and Objective: Human resources, as the most important and valuable resource, play a significant role in the success of an organization because the organization's human resources have the ability to change their performance and are considered the main tool for achieving organizational goals. Today, the success of organizations requires more attention to human resources. In order to succeed, organizations must make good use of their human resources capabilities, and in this regard, paying attention to organizational citizenship behavior is of particular importance. Therefore, in today's world, having employees who go beyond their roles and duties and demonstrate organizational citizenship behavior is a prerequisite for the success of organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on employee performance in the hotel industry at Abbasi Hotel in Isfahan.
Methodology: The statistical population of this study included all employees of Abbasi Hotel in Isfahan. The data required for this study was collected from the employees of Abbasi Hotel in Isfahan using a simple random sampling method and a questionnaire. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and survey-type based on the data collection method. Also, structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data.
Results and Findings: The results indicate that organizational citizenship behavior and each of its dimensions have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. It was also shown that the work conscientiousness variable has the largest path coefficient value and its effect on employee performance is greater than that of other variables.

Abstract Background and Aim: The objective of the present study is to investigate the intersection of digital marketing and sustainable urban tourism, focusing on Ardabil City as a case study. Digital marketing provides innovative tools for promoting destinations, along with advancing responsible tourism practices. Sustainable urban tourism also seeks to balance economic growth, cultural preservation, and environmental management in urban spaces.
 Methods and Material:The research method is inductive and a qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory. The participants in the research process include experts, university professors, and experienced employees in the fields of tourism and marketing. Additionally, a purposive sampling method was used, and to reach theoretical saturation and development, interviews were conducted with 12 people  and analyzed using MaxQDA software.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results, the causal conditions (weakness in promoting sustainable tourism attractions, weakness in the digital ecosystem, mismatch of existing marketing methods with modern tourist expectations, and cultural and social challenges); the contextual conditions (geographical and natural features, facilities and infrastructure, and the economic and social structure of the local community); the intervening conditions (political and managerial factors, human resource training and expertise, and technological and infrastructural barriers); the strategies (utilizing digital marketing elements, integrated and interactive platform strategies, and collaboration and synergy strategies); and the outcomes (increased awareness and attraction of responsible tourists, economic and social empowerment of the community, branding of Ardabil City as a sustainable destination, and environmental results) were identified.

Abstract Background and Objective: One of the important issues in the field of tourism is recognizing the potentials, ranking the infrastructures and tourist attractions in different areas of a city and the balanced distribution of these infrastructures and facilities. Bostan Abad city with its many natural, historical and cultural attractions can attract many tourists every year. The purpose of this article is to prioritize the tourist attractions of Bostan Abad city.
Methodology: This research was developed using a descriptive-analytical and survey method, and the F-TOPSIS model was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this research is the number of 30 people who are active in the tourism sector, and the required information was collected using the questionnaire tool. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire to the extent of 85%.
Results and findings: The results of fuzzy TOPSIS model, the touristic places of Bostan Abad city can be prioritized in the following order for tourists to visit. According to the results of the TOPSIS fuzzy model, the tourist places of Bostan Abad city, Bostan Abad mineral spa, ranked first with a score of 530, Qorigol Lake ranked second with a score of (0.528), Agh Bulaq cave, and ranked third with a score of (0.478). Master Shahriar's father's house with a score of (0.465) ranks fourth and Shahiordi valley, Sahand ski resort, historical town of Ojan, Khaste Qasim grave, Janbahan mosque and the dam and caravansera of Al-Khalaj village respectively with a score of (0.460), (0.460), (0.435), (0.415), (0.370) and (0.361) are ranked fifth to tenth.

Abstract Background and Objective: The present study aimed to design a model for the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan province based on databased theory. This study was conducted using a qualitative method by conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 professors and specialists in sports and youth departments who were selected using a purposive sampling method.
Methodology: The method of collecting information was through the study of previous research and conducting semi-structured interviews. To examine the face and content validity, the research findings were presented to the participants and they studied the text of the theory and then their opinions were applied. The method used to examine reliability was the intra-subject agreement method. The average intra-subject agreement was reported to be 0.83.
 Results and findings: : Based on a comprehensive analysis of interviews, the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan province is influenced by causal factors (human resources, economy, management), contextual conditions (infrastructure, security, environmental attractions), effective strategies (planning, participation, monitoring), and intervening factors (environment, technology, education). The successful development of this industry will lead to positive outcomes such as economic growth, social advancement, entrepreneurship, and cultural enrichment. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop horse tourism, considering the identified factors, focusing on improving infrastructure, strengthening management and strategic planning, and paying attention to intervening factors (environment, technology, education), the ground should be prepared for the active participation of stakeholders and benefiting from positive economic, social, and cultural outcomes.

Abstract Background and Objective: Economic development of horse tourism in Khuzestan, relying on the purebred Arabian breed, is a strategic solution to move beyond the oil economy, create rural employment, and improve provincial infrastructure. This approach, by creating a value chain and attracting foreign exchange earnings, turns Khuzestan into an international hub for sports and commercial tourism. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of Identifying income-generating factors for the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan Province.
Methodology: The present study is organized in two phases: qualitative (identification of indicators through interviews) and quantitative (weighting using the SIWEC method). The aim of this approach was to extract and accurately rank the factors affecting the research topic, relying on the knowledge of experts in the field of tourism and equestrianism in Khuzestan province. The process of selecting participants in different sections was also carried out based on purposeful and judgmental sampling to ensure the richness of specialized data.
Results and Findings: The research findings show that the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan requires a logical hierarchy in which investment and finance, with priority given to banking facilities, act as the cornerstone and most vital economic driver. Secondly, specialized infrastructure and border trade, with an emphasis on modern transportation and global registration of native breeds, provide the necessary physical and diplomatic platforms for a revenue leap. Finally, job creation and event prosperity are secondary outcomes that will only be achieved if the macro strategy changes from traditional approaches to establishing investment security and export-oriented development.

Abstract Background and Objective: Geotourism is tourism based on geological features. Over time, it has been described as a different type of tourism that has a geological or geographical orientation. While the initial view was based on the assumption that geotourism is a type of tourism similar to ecotourism, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the geotourism capabilities of Nir County using the Kobalikova, Violet, and Zeros models.
Methodology: The present research method is descriptive, analytical, and comparative. In this study, three geotourism models, Kobalikova, Violet, and Zeros, were used. The aforementioned models have several indicators that, in addition to geological-geomorphological aspects, also consider other factors such as cultural-historical monuments, access, management, and vulnerability.
Findings and Results: The results of the evaluation of the Kobalikva geotourism model showed that the Bolaglar geotourism area, with a maximum score of 10, is one of the most desirable places in Nir County, which has great potential for attracting tourism. The Sain and Saqezchi axes are in the next ranks. The results of the Violet model also showed that in terms of management rate and tourism rate, the Bolaglar region has the highest geotourism potential, with a score of 2.5. The results of the Zeros model also showed that the Bolaglar geotourism area is in the first place with a score of 79, and the Sain and Saqezchi axes are in the next ranks, respectively, with scores of 72 and 52. The evaluation of the geotourism axes using the aforementioned models showed that the Bolaglar region has higher geotourism potential for several reasons. In this context, we can mention geomorphological diversity (geodiversity), the presence of numerous hot springs, beautiful and lush nature, proximity to the Nirchai and Balikhlochai rivers, proximity to the city of Nir, easier access, the presence of cultural-historical monuments, the display of local traditions through numerous festivals, favorable access to the Sabalan ranges, and similar cases.Therefore, it is concluded that the Bulaghlar geotourism area has a suitable capacity to attract tourists in Nir County. This is while a multidimensional look at the geotourism industry with a conservation approach along with the development of infrastructure and infrastructure facilities can significantly develop the tourism industry and transform the economy of the region. Finally, it is suggested that artificial intelligence be used in future studies to evaluate the studied areas.

Abstract Background and Objective: Geotourism is a branch of tourism knowledge that focuses on the behavior of land surface systems or geomorphosites and attempts to identify, protect, and exploit the tourism-conservation values ​​of dominant forms and processes in a place. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the competitiveness of geotourism and geomorphological potentials of Gilan Province (Case Study: Masal Township, Olsbelengah, Shanderman).
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical purpose, and Pavlova, Kobalikova, and Feyolt geotourism models were used to evaluate the study areas. The Pavlova model evaluates the competitiveness of the studied regions and is based on the formation of positive and negative factors and their related calculations. The Kobalikova model, which emphasizes more on scientific, educational, economic, conservation and additional criteria, and finally the Feuillet model, which examines geotourism regions based on four criteria of origin, geographical distribution, tourism and accessibility.
Results and findings: Based on the results of the Pavlova model in the positive competitiveness factor, Masal Township has high competitiveness in the region by obtaining the highest scores in the sub-indices of natural wealth (4.9) and protected areas (4.54). Also, in the negative competitiveness factor, the Shanderman district has the highest score in the sub-index of lack of appropriate infrastructure in the region with a value of 4.33, indicating the weakness of the region in this regard. Also, according to the results obtained from the Kobalikova model, Masal Township has the highest geotourism value in the region with a score of (7.08). Also, the results obtained from the Violet model show that Masal Township is in a favorable situation in terms of management and tourism in the region with a score of (5.04). Therefore, it is concluded that this region has high potentials and capabilities for tourism and geotourism and is ranked first in terms of competitiveness at the provincial level

Abstract Background and Objective: This research presents a comparative study of the historical bridges of Ardabil and Isfahan during the Safavid era, focusing on the influence of each region’s geographical features on the architecture and construction of these bridges. During the Safavid period, both Ardabil and Isfahan were recognized as significant political, cultural, and economic centers of Iran. Bridges of this era, beyond their function as crossings, played a crucial role in enhancing communication, facilitating economic exchanges, and even serving military purposes. The design and construction of these bridges were influenced by geographical, climatic, topographic conditions, and available local resources. In this context, examining how architects and engineers responded to natural challenges reveals the degree of architectural adaptation to the environmental context. The findings of the study indicate that geographical differences have led to variations in the design, construction, and functions of the bridges. Bridges in Ardabil, suited to mountainous conditions and variable rivers, exhibit more robust structures, while bridges in Isfahan, influenced by the urban setting and the Zayandeh Roud River, feature more open, decorative designs with multifunctional roles.
Methodology: The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, and data has been collected through library sources, historical texts, architectural documents, and geographical analyses. The core of this analysis consists of a comparison of design, structural types, materials used, and the functions of the bridges.
Findings and Conclusion:  The main objective of this study is to compare the architecture and structure of prominent historical bridges in Ardabil and Isfahan and to analyze the impact of geographical factors such as climate, topography, and water resources on the formation of their form, materials, and functions. This research aims to identify architectural patterns adapted to environmental conditions through the study of selected examples.

Abstract Background and Objective: In recent years, expanding recreational spaces and promoting public sports have emerged as effective strategies for enhancing mental well-being and fostering social connections within urban settings. Despite this, the social dimensions of sports in public and tourism-oriented spaces have received limited attention in many Iranian cities, highlighting a gap in evidence-based policymaking. This study aims to investigate how participation in sports activities influences social relationships, mental health, and social identity within recreational and tourist environments.
Methodology: This applied research adopts a descriptive-survey approach. The target population includes individuals who utilize urban recreational and sports facilities. Using GPower software and statistical parameters (α = 0.05, power = 0.80, medium effect size = 0.50), a sample size of 106 participants was determined. Data were gathered through a researcher-designed questionnaire encompassing indicators such as sports participation, quality of recreational spaces, mental health, social relationships, social identity, and the influence of social media. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The Shapiro–Wilk test assessed data normality, and non-parametric tests—including Spearman's correlation and the Mann–Whitney U test—were applied for inferential analysis.
Findings and Conclusion:  The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between participation in recreational sports and mental health (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), as well as with the willingness to attend sports events (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). Moreover, significant gender-based differences were identified in the domains of social interaction and the perceived impact of sports on social identity (p < 0.05). Overall, engaging in sports activities within recreational environments contributes positively to psychological well-being, social engagement, and life satisfaction. Future research is recommended to explore additional factors that influence social interaction and to examine the role of digital media in encouraging public involvement in sports.

Abstract Background and Objective: Today, the tourism industry is considered an important and main sector in the global economy, and one of the important fields of this industry is nature-oriented tourism or ecotourism. The share of ecotourism in the tourism industry is very high and has an important position. The aim of the present study is to analyze the geotourism and geomorphological capacities effective in attracting tourism in the city of Malekan, East Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: In this study, two methods, Kobalikova and Feulet, have been used to evaluate the geotourism potential. The Kobalikova method emphasizes scientific and intrinsic, educational, economic, conservation and other values. The Feulet model also evaluates regions in terms of management rate and tourism rate based on natural and human indicators. The areas studied in this study are Bakhtak Leilan Castle, Shursu Tourist Area, Arpadersi Mineral Spring, Ali Balaghi Shrine, Forest Park Camp, and Ulan Buffalo Valley.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the evaluation of the Kobalikva model showed that the Arpadersi mineral spring, with a score of 11, has the highest score among the studied areas. Based on the evaluation results in the studied areas, the Bakhtak Leilan Castle Geotourism Area, with a score of 75.6, has the lowest score among the studied areas, which requires attention to this area for development. Also, the results of the Violet model showed that among the studied areas, the Forest Park Camp Area, with a total score of 13 from all sub-indicators, has the highest score. Also, the Olen Buffalo Valley Area, with a score of 25.8, has the lowest potential among the studied areas. Based on the results of the management rate, it was found that the Forest Park and Olen Valley are in good and appropriate conditions in terms of protection, and in terms of tourism rate, the Shorsu area, with the highest score, has good conditions. Therefore, it is concluded that the Arpa Daresi Forest Park Camp and Mineral Spring have great potential in attracting tourism. Finally, it is suggested that in future studies, Serrano-Gonzalez-Truba models be used for a more detailed study to evaluate the geotourism potential of protected areas in the Malekan region.

Abstract Background and Aim: Tourism is one of the most important factors affecting the economic growth and development of contemporary societies. Tourism has been defined as a tool for marginal economic mobility, promotion, and development through the creation of employment and income, which has been greatly expanded during the past few decades. One of the most attractive branches of the tourism industry that has received more attention in recent years is water tourism.
Methods and Material: The purpose of this study is to investigate, feasibility and partially realize the vision of tourism development and to provide macro strategies and find the potential of water structures for the development of water tourism. The present type of research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, it is a survey based on field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of this research includes 376 university managers and experts in the fields of tourism, water science, and urban planning, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. For scientific analysis, the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and the T-test in SPSS software has been used. the results obtained from the analysis of information show that in the current situation, the greatest possibility of realization is related to environmental and socio-economic indicators; The research findings show a positive and meaningful relationship between water tourism and sustainable development of the studied area; as with a significance level of 0.000 and 99% confidence; In order and on average, environmental (3.1), socio-cultural (2.9) and economic (2.9) indicators have the most positive and favorable impact, but hydraulic indicators (2.8) have the least impact. Has had the effect.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained are based on the SWAT strategic model, which includes internal factors; strengths and weaknesses, and external factors; opportunities, and threats. According to the scoring of the items in the research, the total score of internal factors is 2.83 (strengths 1.023 and weaknesses 1.81) and external factors 3.03 (opportunities 1.35 and threats 1.68). Therefore, the best strategy for realizing the water tourism model in the study area is the aggressive strategy of SO or strengthening and using external opportunities with a focus on strengths. The findings of this research can be used to design development policies and expand planning for the future of Khuzestan province; and help to compile the executive guidelines for tourism and recreational activities in the field of water resources and water facilities notified by the Ministry of Energy to the relevant executive body.

Abstract Background and Objective: This study evaluated the geotourism capabilities and potentials of Nir County, located in Ardabil Province. This county has high geotourism capabilities due to its location on the slopes of Sabalan and Bozqosh. The development of the geotourism industry in this county can be a driver of sustainable economic development in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the geotourism and geomorphological potentials of Nir County in Ardabil Province.
Methodology: In Nir County, there are two geotourism axes: Bulaghlar and Saein. In the present study, the geotourism capabilities of the aforementioned axes were evaluated using two models: Kobalikwa and Feyolt. The aforementioned models have numerous indicators that, in addition to geological-geomorphological aspects, also consider other factors such as cultural-historical monuments, access, management, and vulnerability.
Findings and Results: The evaluation of geotourism axes using the aforementioned models showed that the Bulaghlar region has higher geotourism potential for several reasons. In this context, we can mention geomorphological diversity (geodiversity), the presence of numerous hot springs, beautiful and lush nature, proximity to the Nirchai and Balikhlochai rivers, proximity to the city of Nir, easier access, the presence of cultural-historical monuments, the display of local traditions through the holding of numerous festivals, favorable access to the Sabalan ranges, and similar cases. For this reason, the Bulaghlar region obtained higher scores in relation to most of the indicators of the models used. According to the results of the models, it can be said that two basic challenges, including the lack of protective measures and the limited infrastructure and service-welfare facilities, are among the most important obstacles to the development of the geotourism industry in Nir county.
Conclusion: The results show that the development of tourism and geotourism in Nir County is generally one-dimensional and that various aspects of geotourism such as scientific values, geomorphological diversity, geomorphological conservation, and sustainable development have been neglected. However, a multidimensional view of the geotourism industry with a conservation approach along with the development of infrastructure and facilities can significantly develop the tourism industry and transform the regional economy.

Abstract Background and Objective: Geotourism is a type of tourism that is based on geological and geomorphological phenomena and landscapes and has expanded in recent decades with the aim of socio-economic development of geotourism destinations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the geotourism capabilities and geomorphological destinations of Hir Township for economic development.
Methodology: The nature of this study is descriptive-analytical-applied and to investigate the geotourism potential of the Hir region, the Renard models that examine geomorphosites based on three scientific, added and combined values; the Feuillet model that is based on four criteria of origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism and accessibility; and finally the Kobalikwa model that emphasizes more on scientific, educational, economic, conservation and cultural criteria were used.
Findings and Results: Based on the results obtained from the Reynard model, the Hair Suspension Bridge has a high geotourism potential and is ranked in the top category, with an average score of 0.7 in the scientific value index, 0.39 in the added value sub-index, and 0.74 in the composite value sub-index. Also, the Hair Suspension Bridge has various capabilities to introduce the region to domestic and foreign tourists based on the Feulet evaluation model in the management and tourism rates, with values ​​of 0.65 and 0.61, respectively. The results also indicate that based on the Kobalikwa model, the Hair Suspension Bridge has a high geotourism value among the studied geosites with a total score of 75.8 and has attracted many tourists to this region. Therefore, it is concluded that the Hair Glass Suspension Bridge in the city of Hair has diverse geotourism and geomorphological potentials and capabilities in the region and is ranked in the top category in terms of attracting tourists to the region and increasing economic power. Therefore, it is suggested that by using virtual and online tourism and introducing different regions of this city to tourists, preparations should be made to attract domestic and foreign tourists to this region.

Abstract Background and Objective: Sports tourism, as a growing industry, can play an important role in the economic and social development of different regions. Khuzestan Province, with its diverse natural, historical, and cultural capacities, has a high potential for the development of this type of tourism. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting sports tourism in Khuzestan Province.
Methodology: In this regard, the present study is applied in terms of its purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of its nature and method. This study was conducted with an applied approach, using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting the opinions of 30 experts in the field of sports tourism through the Delphi method, and using the DANP technique and Excel software.
Results and Findings: In this study, 6 general indicators and 22 sub-indicators were identified that affect sports tourism in Khuzestan Province. Next, using the Danp technique, the influential indicators were identified and prioritized to determine which of these indicators have the greatest impact on sports tourism in Khuzestan Province. The results of his research showed that the development of this industry requires a multifaceted approach; so that management and planning factors play a key role as the main axis, influencing other factors. Also, socio-cultural, economic, marketing, infrastructure and environmental factors are significantly involved in this process. Along with these macro factors, the sub-indicators of a suitable climate, attracting foreign capital and social participation have been identified as the main drivers of the development of sports tourism in Khuzestan. These results provide a practical roadmap for policymakers and planners to focus on these key factors to provide the grounds for sustainable growth and prosperity of sports tourism in the province.

Abstract Background and Objective: Geomorphosites are a novel concept in tourism studies, emphasizing unique locations with scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic, and economic values. In recent years, geotourism and geomorphotourism have emerged as highly appealing concepts, attracting a diverse range of individuals with varied interests, as well as governments, environmental groups, and conservation organizations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the geotourism potential of karst landforms in Azarshahr Township using the Reynard method.
Methodology: For this purpose, field surveys were conducted to assess two main criteria: scientific value, added value, and a composite value. The scientific value comprises conservation status, rarity, representativeness, and paleogeographic significance, while the added value includes cultural, historical, religious, geohistorical, and economic values. The composite value encompasses global significance, educational value, threats, and management measures.
Results and Findings: The findings revealed that the geomorphosites in the region scored highest in the main criteria as follows: scientific value (0.53), composite value (0.47), and added value (0.34). Among the sub-criteria, educational value (0.79), paleogeography and geohistory (0.75), and threats (0.70) received the highest scores. In terms of geotourism potential, the examined landforms—travertines, springs, and caves—demonstrated the highest capacity to attract tourists across the three evaluation criteria (scientific value, added value, and composite value).

Abstract Background and purpose: Urban furniture is one of the attractions and welfare facilities that are basically developed to serve the citizens, and the use of these facilities by tourists can help their continuation and provide reasons for the development of tourism in those cities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of urban furniture in choosing a tourist destination with the case study of Taleghan Township.
Research method: The research is of descriptive and analytical type and was done in library and field method. The statistical population is tourists entering the region and according to Cochran's formula,384 people were randomly selected. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed and statistical tests of T-Tech and SPSS software have been used to analyze the data.
Findings and conclusions: The results of the research show that urban furniture and the provision of appropriate and high-quality urban services play a very important role in choosing a tourist destination and creating satisfaction among tourists entering tourist destination cities. In connection with Taleghan Township, this city can increase its attractiveness by reviewing the organization of urban furniture and targeting the placement of urban furniture in order to increase the attraction of tourists, and in order to create an attractive environment, it can improve its tourism status in the region.

Abstract Background and Aim: Tourism, which is called a green industry in today's world, is a way to transfer culture and civilization from one society to another; In that process there are many positive economic, social, political, environmental and cultural effects. Every tourism destination offers different products and services to attract tourists. The success of a region in the tourism industry is not only limited to show the unique attractions, but also depends on various factors such as the level of awareness and knowledge about those attractions. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of awareness of tourists with the local attractions and the level of their familiarity with the attractions and its relationship with the frequency of visiting.
Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research methodology, which was carried out using library-documentary and field study. The statistical population includes all of the people of Chabahar city and tourists who came to visit this city; 382 people were studied using Cochran's sample size method. The field data of the research was collected using a questionnaire and SPSS19 software was used for data analysis and Pearson correlation test was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and frequency of visits and the tourists’ tendency to visit attractions. The level of visit of attractions increases by enhancement of awareness on attractions. The results also showed that the most common way of familiarity with the city attractions is the word of mouth advertising (53.7%).

Abstract Background and Aim: Security is one of the most basic needs for tourists, and its lack is a big challenge to attract tourists, especially foreign tourists. Since the purpose of tourists from traveling is to gain mental and emotional peace; the lack of social security will decrease the acceptance of tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social security indicators on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz.
Methods: applied research and its method is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The statistical population was tourists visiting Shiraz city in 2018. The sampling method was random and multi-stage cluster type. To measure the social security of tourists, 43 items have been used in the form of 4 indicators. Also, data analysis has been done using T, correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors. The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors.