سطح‌بندی زیست‌پذیری شهرستان‌های استان تهران در شاخص ترکیبی و تدوین راهبردهای ارتقای زیست‌پذیری با مدل PESTEL

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی منطقه ای، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: شهرستان‌های استان تهران به دلیل مهاجرت‌های گسترده و تمرکز جمعیت در جستجوی فرصت‌های شغلی و امکانات بهتر، با چالش‌هایی نظیر فشار بر زیرساخت‌ها، مشکلات مسکن و آلودگی محیط‌زیست مواجه شده‌اند که تعادل زیست‌پذیری استان را مختل کرده و تفاوت قابل توجهی میان شهرستان‌ها در کیفیت زندگی ایجاد کرده است. با این حال، پژوهش‌های پیشین عمدتاً بر یک شهر یا شهرستان متمرکز بوده‌اند و مطالعه‌ای جامع که وضعیت زیست‌پذیری تمامی شهرستان‌های استان تهران را به‌صورت مقایسه‌ای ارزیابی و برای ارتقای آن راهبرد ارائه کند، کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. ازین‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف رفع این خلأ، به سطح‌بندی زیست‌پذیری ۱۶ شهرستان استان تهران در قالب شاخص ترکیبی و تدوین راهبردهای ارتقای آن با بهره‌گیری از مدل PESTEL پرداخته است. روش شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی - تحلیلی است چرا که به تحلیل و مقایسه شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری شهرستان‌های استان تهران می‌پردازد و هدف آن ارائه راهبردهای عملی برای ارتقای سطح زیست‌پذیری است. در این راستا 2۹ گویه در قالب ۹ شاخص محیط‌زیستی، کالبدی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی گردآوری و با روش آنتروپی شانون وزن‌دهی شدند. سپس شهرستان‌ها با تکنیک تاپسیس رتبه‌بندی و در چهار سطح ایده‌آل، مناسب، آسیب‌پذیر و بحرانی به طور مطلق سطح‌بندی شدند. نتایج و یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد هیچ شهرستانی در سطح ایده‌آل قرار ندارد و تنها شهرستان شمیرانات در سطح مناسب قرار گرفته است؛ در مقابل شهرستان ملارد پایین‌ترین رتبه را کسب کرده و در سطح بحرانی جای گرفته است. این الگو حاکی از نابرابری عمیق سطح زیست‌پذیری در استان تهران است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که شهرستان‌های شمالی عملکرد بهتری دارند و شهرستان‌های جنوبی، غربی و جنوب‌غربی در پایین‌ترین سطح قرار گرفته‌اند. در نهایت پس از بررسی وضعیت زیست‌پذیری شهرستان‌ها، برای تدوین راهبردهای ارتقای زیست‌پذیری، ابتدا ریشه چالش‌های اصلی با استفاده از چارچوب PESTEL مشخص شد؛ سپس با استخراج نیازهای ارتقای زیست‌پذیری ذیل عوامل PESTEL و سپس خوشه‌بندی آن‌ها، ۵ راهبرد تدوین شد. از میان این راهبردها، استقرار نظام حکمرانی مشارکتی و هماهنگ‌کننده فرابخشی با بیشترین فراوانی چالش، بالاترین اولویت را به خود اختصاص داد. نتایج و راهبردهای این پژوهش می‌توانند مبنایی کاربردی برای سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان منطقه‌ای در تدوین برنامه‌های توسعه متوازن، تخصیص هدفمند منابع و کاهش نابرابری‌های بین‌شهرستانی در استان تهران فراهم کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of Livability in Tehran Province Townships Using a Composite Index and Development of Enhancement Strategies Based on the PESTEL Framework

نویسندگان English

Toktam Hoseinzadeh 1
Leila Mosleh 2
1 MSc Student, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: The Townships of Tehran Province have experienced extensive migration and a high concentration of population driven by the pursuit of better employment opportunities and public services. These trends have intensified pressures on infrastructure, housing, and the environment, disrupting the province's livability balance and creating considerable disparities in quality of life among its Townships. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual cities or Townships, while comprehensive comparative research evaluating the livability of all Townships in Tehran Province and proposing strategies for its improvement has received limited attention. Methodology: To address this gap, the present study aims to classify the livability levels of the 16 Townships of Tehran Province using a composite index and to formulate strategies for enhancing livability through the PESTEL framework. To this end, 29 variables were compiled under nine environmental, physical, social, and economic indicators and weighted using the Shannon Entropy method. The Townships were then ranked using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and classified into four absolute levels: ideal, suitable, vulnerable, and critical. Results and findings: The results indicate that none of the Townships achieved the ideal level, while only Shemiranat was classified as suitable. In contrast, Malard ranked lowest and was placed in the critical category. This pattern reveals pronounced spatial disparities in livability across Tehran Province, with the northern Townships demonstrating relatively better performance, whereas the southern, western, and southwestern Townships exhibit the lowest levels of livability. Following the assessment of county livability, the root causes of the main challenges were first identified using the PESTEL framework. Subsequently, livability improvement needs were extracted and categorized under the PESTEL dimensions, and five strategic recommendations were developed through thematic clustering. Among these, establishing an integrated, participatory, and cross-sectoral governance system, corresponding to the most frequently identified challenges, emerged as the highest-priority strategy. The findings and proposed strategies provide a practical foundation for policymakers and regional planners to formulate balanced development policies, allocate resources more effectively, and reduce inter-county disparities across Tehran Province.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Livability
Tehran Province
Shannon Entropy
TOPSIS
PESTEL
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