The optimal site selection for sensitive facilities such as prisons is a significant challenge in urban and regional management. This study aims to identify optimal locations for a prison in Neyshabur city by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied, and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive-analytical. Through library and field studies, 14 effective criteria for prison site selection were identified and categorized into two groups: natural criteria (elevation, slope, aspect, soil type, distance from fault lines, distance from surface waters) and human-security criteria (distance from communication routes, urban boundaries, villages, military centers, industrial centers, passenger terminals, and gas pipelines). The required data were obtained from relevant organizations and processed in a GIS environment. For data analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) methods were used. In the AHP method, after forming the pairwise comparison matrix and calculating the criteria weights, an inconsistency rate of 0.03 was obtained, indicating the reliability of the results. Accordingly, the criteria of 'distance from the city boundary' (0.18) and 'distance from military centers' (0.16) received the highest weights. The results showed that based on the ANP method, 6.49% (500 hectares) of the study area was classified as 'highly suitable', 43.87% (3380 hectares) as 'suitable', and 24.53% (1890 hectares) as 'moderately suitable'. In total, 74.89% of the city's area (5770 hectares) possesses favorable conditions for prison construction. The 'highly suitable' zones are primarily located in the northern and central parts of the city, characterized by gentle topography, balanced access to main roads, and a safe distance from settlements. This zoning can provide a scientific basis for decision-makers and planners in the site selection of a prison in Neyshabur city.