An Investigation into the Impact of Sabalan's Natural Features on Surrounding Human Settlements

Shahbazi Shiran, Habib; Jabbarpour, Shadi

An Investigation into the Impact of Sabalan's Natural Features on Surrounding Human Settlements

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Habib Shahbazi Shiran ¹ ^¶

Shadi Jabbarpour ²

¹ Associate Professor Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

² MSc Student, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective: Mount Sabalan, the second highest peak in Iran (with an elevation of 4,811 meters) and one of the most significant natural features of Ardabil Province, has played a decisive role in the formation of ancient civilizations in the region. Not only is it the tallest peak in northwestern Iran, but it is also considered one of the key centers for the emergence of early civilizations in this area. This study investigates the impact of Sabalan’s unique characteristics—including its water resources (hot springs and the Qarasoo River), fertile volcanic soils, and strategic location—on the spatial distribution patterns of archaeological settlements in Ardabil Province.
Methodology
Data analysis was carried out using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and comparative methods. The present study employed field surveys, spatial analyses, and archival research to examine 20 significant archaeological sites in Ardabil Province, including Yeri City (Meshginshahr), the archaeological areas of Sarein, and the historical Qahqaha Castle complex.
Findings and Conclusion: The results show that more than 80% of the archaeological settlements in Ardabil Province are located within a 40-kilometer radius of Mount Sabalan. The fertile soils on the eastern slopes of the mountain played a crucial role in the development of ancient agriculture in the region.The research demonstrates that Sabalan’s natural features—especially access to water resources (the Qarasoo River and hot springs), fertile lands, and natural defensive positioning were key factors in the site selection of ancient settlements. Additionally, evidence suggests that the mountain’s ritual significance also influenced settlement patterns. This study highlights that Sabalan’s environmental conditions significantly contributed not only to the initial attraction of human communities but also tothe continuity and advancement of civilizations in the region.

Keywords

Sabalan Mountain

Archaeological Settlements

Natural Geography

Archaeology

Northwestern Iran

Ardabil

Subjects

Urban Planning

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