Background and Objective: Oil plays a vital role in Iraq’s economy, making the efficiency and reliability of oil export logistics infrastructure essential to the country’s economic development and competitiveness in the global energy market. However, structural weaknesses, including aging pipeline networks, inefficient port facilities, insufficient storage capacity, and limited access to modern technologies, pose significant challenges to the performance of Iraq’s oil export supply chain. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the improvement of Iraq’s oil export logistics infrastructure and to propose strategies for enhancing operational efficiency, export capacity, and supply chain resilience.

Methodology: This study employed a qualitative descriptive-analytical research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 experts and specialists in the oil and logistics sectors. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis, supported by open and axial coding, to identify the key factors affecting the improvement of Iraq’s oil export logistics infrastructure and to examine their relationships.

Results and Findings: The findings identify the modernization of pipeline networks, the expansion and improvement of port capacity and security, and the development of digital technologies as important factors in enhancing Iraq’s oil export logistics infrastructure. The adoption of technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence can contribute to improving operational efficiency, strengthening supply chain coordination, and enhancing the transparency and reliability of logistics processes. Furthermore, learning from the experiences of successful regional countries may provide valuable insights into improving the efficiency and resilience of Iraq’s oil export infrastructure. The findings also highlight structural corruption and barriers to foreign investment as important challenges that must be addressed to strengthen the oil export supply chain. Overall, an integrated approach combining infrastructure modernization, technological development, improved governance, and investment facilitation can help increase export capacity, reduce operational costs, enhance Iraq’s competitiveness in the global oil market, and support sustainable economic development.