فصلنامه مطالعات توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه ای

تبیین علل و پیامدهای مهاجرت­های روستا شهری در شهرستان مراغه با تأکید بر توسعه پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احمد کاظمی 1
علی آذر 2

1 گروه مدیریت شهری، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران

2 گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: یکی از چالش­های اساسی مدیریت شهری، عدم تعادلات جمعیتی و توزیع نامناسب جمعیت در سطح مجموعه های کلانشهری است. عدم تثبیت جمعیت روستایی و ادامه مهاجرت ها، باعث بروز چالش های اساسی در شهرها شده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر شناسایی علل و پیامدهای مهاجرت های روستایی به شهری در شهرستان مراغه از نظر مهاجران روستایی این شهر بوده است.
روش‌شناسی: روش تحقیق مطالعه حاضر، توصیفی – تحلیلی و ماهیت آن کاربردی می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تمام ساکنان مناطق حاشیه نشین شهر مراغه که حداقل 4 سال از زمان مهاجرت و سکونت آن ها در محلات حاشیه نشین شهر طی شده باشد؛ بودند، که تعداد 384 نفر از ساکنان مهاجر به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین گردید. این نمونه ها با استفاده از روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. برای ارزیابی اثرات مهاجرات های روستایی به شهری، از سه آیتم مهم دافعه، جاذبه و نتایج مهاجرت استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها و نتایج: نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد در بین عوامل دافعه پایداری اقتصادی روستاها عامل«عدم وجود مرکز خدمات جهاد کشاورزی در روستا به همراه محدود فصلی بودن شغل در روستا» بیشترین میزان تاثیر را دارا می باشد. در بین علل دافعه پایداری اجتماعی مبداء، عدم وجود امکانات رفاهی و عدم وجود امکانات تفریحی بیشترین موافقت را در بین نمونه های مورد مطالعه داشته اند. نامناسب بودن راه های ارتباطی روستاها و پایین بودن امکان دسترسی به تسهیلات فنی و آموزشی در روستاها از نظر مهاجران، بیشترین عامل دافعه پایداری کالبدی مبداء شناخته شده‌اند. وجود تنوع شغلی، حق انتخاب و دائمی بودن کار در شهر جاذبه‌های اصلی اقتصادی شهر برای مهاجران روستایی شهر مراغه بوده است. تمام جاذبه های اجتماعی مقصد از نظر نمونه های تحقیق در سطح بالایی برای آن­ها اهمیت دارد و عامل« کسانی که در شهر زندگی می کنند در بین فامیل احترام بیشتری دارند»، دارای کمترین اهمیت نسبت به سایر جاذبه های اجتماعی است. در علل جاذبه های کالبدی مقصد «دسترسی به امکانات رفاهی در شهر» از نظر مهاجرین، بیشترین تاثیر را داشته است. مهمترین پیامد اقتصادی مهاجرت از دست دادن زمین های‌شان در روستا بود. مهمترین پیامدهای اجتماعی مهاجرت روستا به شهر از نظر نمونه های تحقیق، رشد بهتر فرزندان در شهر نسبت به روستا بوده است. مهمترین پیامد کالبدی مهاجرت از روستا به شهر از نظر نمونه های تحقیق، امکان استفاده بیشتر از امکانات بهداشتی و درمانی در شهر بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مهاجرت
حاشیه نشینی
توسعه پایدار
مراغه
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Explaining the Causes and Consequences of Rural-Urban Migration in Maragheh County with an Emphasis on Sustainable Development

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Kazemi 1
Ali Azar 2
1 Department of Urban Management, Mar.C., Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
2 Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, Mar.C., Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: One of the main challenges of urban management is population imbalances and inappropriate population distribution at the level of metropolitan areas. The instability of the rural population and continued migration have caused fundamental challenges in cities. The aim of the present study was to identify the causes and consequences of rural-to-urban migration in Maragheh city from the perspective of rural migrants in this city.
Methodology: This was done using a descriptive-analytical method and a survey method. The statistical population of the study included all residents of the marginal areas of Maragheh city who had migrated and settled in this neighborhood for at least 4 years, of which 384 migrant residents were determined as the sample size. These samples were selected using a simple random method. To assess the effects of rural-to-urban migration, three important and fundamental parts of repulsion, attraction, and migration outcomes were used.
Findings and Conclusion: The results of the study show that among the repulsive factors of the economic sustainability of villages, the factor of "the absence of an agricultural Jihad service center in the village along with the limited seasonality of jobs in the village" has the greatest impact. Among the reasons for the social sustainability of the origin, the lack of welfare facilities and the lack of recreational facilities were the most agreed upon among the studied samples. The inappropriateness of the communication routes of the villages and the low possibility of accessing technical and educational facilities in the villages were identified as the most important factors for the physical sustainability of the origin, according to the migrants. The existence of job diversity, the right to choose, and the permanence of work in the city were the main economic attractions of the city for the rural migrants of Maragheh.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hmigration
squatter area
Sustainable development
Maragheh
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  • تاریخ دریافت 08 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 13 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 19 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 آذر 1404

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