بررسی و تحلیل اثرات زیست محیطی مواد رادیواکتیو (انرژی هسته ای) ، مدیریت پایدار و امنیت زیست محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی مروری

نویسندگان

1 بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز ، ایران

2 مدرس دانشگاه علمی کاربردی پلیمر ، بوشهر، ایران

3 کارشناس نیروگاه اتمی استان بوشهر

چکیده
در دهه های اخیر، همزمان با رشد صنعتی و تلاش برای دستیابی به منابع تازه و پاک تر انرژی، پژوهشگران و اندیشمندان را به سوی استفاده از انرژی هسته‌ای و رادیواکتیو سوق داده است . این موضوع منجر به کاربرد روز افزون مواد پرتو زای رادیواکتیو در تولید برق ،صنایع ، پزشکی و رادیوداروها و کشاورزی و تولید و ورود مواد زائد هسته ای به محیط زیست و زندگی روزمره نسل کنونی شده است .در این مقاله در ابتدا به تعریف انواع زباله های هسته ای و تقسیم بندی های مختلف آن ها پرداخته و پس از آن روش های کم خطر کردن و دفع آنها بررسی می شود.یافته ها حاکی از آن است که یکسری فرآیندهای پیش نیاز دفع به منظور حفظ ایمنی برای مدت زمانی که زباله ها خطرناک باقی می مانند مورد نیاز است. دفع زباله های رادیواکتیو سطح پایین و متوسط در حال حاضر در برخی کشورها انجام شده که در این موارد معمولا تأسیسات در سطح و یا نزدیک به سطح قرار دارند. ضایعات رادیواکتیو سطح بالا در حال حاضر به طور موقت در انبارها نگه داشته می شوند و تحقیقات برای اجرای دفع اینگونه پسماندها در بسیاری از کشورهای دارای تأسیسات هسته ای در حال انجام است. بر همگان واضح است که همواره برخورداری از محیط زیستی سالم و عاری از هرگونه آلودگی برای هر فردی از اهمیت خاص برخوردار است امید است این مقاله گام کوچکی باشد در جهت روشن تر شدن و توجه بیشتر متخصصان به این موضوع.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation and analysis of the environmental impacts of radioactive materials (nuclear energy), sustainable management and environmental security

نویسندگان English

Seyed Fakhreddin Afzali 1
Amineh Hasanzadeh 2
Hadi Hasanzadeh 3
1 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Lecturer at Polymer University of Applied Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
3 Expert of nuclear power plant of Bushehr province
چکیده English

Since the last decades of the 20th century, The concurrent development of industrialization and the socio-political transition towards cleaner and renewable energy sources has made the researchers and scholars who have been applying nuclear and radioactive energy (in electricity generation and also in industries, medicine or agriculture) increase the use of radioactive materials in these fields as well. Their consequent production and release into the environment have become nowadays to be such an integral part of our life that the safe management of this radioactive waste becomes a problem of high socio-political priority. This writing reviews first of all the differences of various types of nuclear waste and their level of classifications. After this, it goes through the countermeasure taken, the storage, the disposal and the physical and social barriers which must be applied for the safety of all radioactive waste, emphasizing that there must be certain procedures before the disposal so that this waste can be safely buried underground without bothering people until the end of its hazardous period. According to the review, the disposal of low-level and intermediate-level radioactive waste is already realized in some countries and have been storing up of this waste in near-surface facilities, whereas the disposal of high-level radioactive waste is only realized in repository temporarily for research on its ultimate disposal in many countries which have already built nuclear facilities. Protection of the environment from the pollution becomes a serious topic and the campaign of its conservation becomes to be progressed largely in the world; hopefully, this paper contributes for the reader to get better understanding on this issue and should urge more experts to devote their efforts in this field.
Key words: radioactive, environment, nuclear, waste

کلیدواژه‌ها English

radioactive
environment
nuclear
waste
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