چارچوبی برای ارزیابی محیط‌های شهری دوستدار سالمند در ایران: شواهدی از کلان‌شهر مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار بازنشسته، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده
روند فزاینده سالمندی جمعیت، ضرورت بازنگری در الگوهای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت شهری را بیش از پیش آشکار ساخته است. در این میان، توسعه محیط‌های شهری دوستدار سالمند به‌عنوان بستری برای ارتقای کیفیت زندگی، استقلال فردی و مشارکت اجتماعی سالمندان اهمیت ویژه‌ای یافته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی محیط‌های شهری دوستدار سالمند در شهر مشهد و ارائه چارچوبی بومی برای سنجش این محیط‌ها در شهرهای ایران انجام شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی–توسعه‌ای و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی–تحلیلی بوده و با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد آمیخته، داده‌های اسنادی، میدانی و ادراکی را مورد بررسی قرار داده است. داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل اسناد، مشاهده ساختاریافته فضاهای شهری، مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با سالمندان و متخصصان و پیمایش میدانی گردآوری و با روش‌های کمی و کیفی تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که توزیع فضایی سالمندان در مشهد از الگوی ناهمگنی پیروی کرده و تمرکز بیشتری در مناطق مرکزی و قدیمی شهر دارد. همچنین وضعیت کلی شهر از منظر شاخص‌های سالمنددوستی در سطح متوسط رو به مطلوب ارزیابی شد، اما میان ابعاد مختلف آن توازن کافی مشاهده نشد. مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی نظیر احساس امنیت، روابط محلی و تعاملات اجتماعی وضعیت مطلوب‌تری نسبت به مؤلفه‌های کالبدی داشتند؛ در حالی که کیفیت پیاده‌روها، مناسب‌سازی فضاهای عمومی، دسترسی‌پذیری و برخی زیرساخت‌های شهری از مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها محسوب می‌شوند. افزون بر این، تفاوت‌های معناداری میان مناطق مرکزی و پیرامونی شهر بیانگر وجود نابرابری فضایی در بهره‌مندی از خدمات و امکانات شهری است. بر اساس نتایج، چارچوب پیشنهادی پژوهش در سه بعد کالبدی–فضایی، اجتماعی–ادراکی و مدیریتی–نهادی سازمان یافته و می‌تواند مبنایی برای ارزیابی و برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌های شهری دوستدار سالمند در شهرهای ایران فراهم سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Integrated Framework for Assessing Age-Friendly Urban Environments in Iran: Evidence from the Metropolitan

نویسندگان English

Rostam Saberifar 1
Abolfazl Behniafar 2
hoomer shokri 3
1 Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning Faculty of Low and Social Sciences, University of Payam e Noor, Tehran, Iran
2 Retired Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
3 Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

ABSTRACT
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The accelerating trend of population ageing has highlighted the need to reconsider urban planning and management approaches. In this context, age-friendly urban environments have gained increasing importance as a means of enhancing older adults’ quality of life, independence, and social participation. This study aimed to assess the status of age-friendly urban environments in Mashhad, Iran, and to develop an analytical framework for explaining the key dimensions influencing age-friendliness.
Methods and Material
This applied-developmental research adopted a descriptive–analytical design and employed a mixed-methods approach. Documentary, field-based, and perceptional data were integrated to provide a comprehensive assessment. Data were collected through document analysis, structured observation of urban spaces, and semi-structured interviews with older adults and urban planning experts. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques.
3. Results and Discussion
The findings revealed a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the elderly population across Mashhad, with higher concentrations in the city’s central and older districts. Evaluation of age-friendly indicators indicated that the overall condition of the city ranged from moderate to relatively favorable; however, significant imbalances existed among different dimensions of age-friendliness. Social components, including perceived safety, neighborhood relations, and social interactions, demonstrated more favorable conditions than physical and infrastructural dimensions. In contrast, sidewalk quality, accessibility, adaptation of public spaces, and deficiencies in urban infrastructure emerged as the most critical challenges. Furthermore, substantial disparities were identified between central and peripheral districts, reflecting spatial inequalities in access to urban services and facilities.
4. Conclusion
The results emphasize the necessity of adopting an integrated and multi-level urban planning approach to enhance age-friendly urban environments. Addressing physical accessibility barriers while strengthening social and community-based dimensions can contribute to more equitable and inclusive urban development for older adults in Mashhad and other rapidly ageing cities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Population Ageing
Age-Friendly City
Assessment Framework
Spatial Justice
Mashhad
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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 29 تیر 1405

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