13.بررسی تغییرات اشتغال و نقش آن در فرآیند توسعه شهری استان آذربایجان غربی (با تأکید بر رویکرد تغییرات سهم و مکان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری، شهرسازی و هنر، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه معماری، شهرسازی و هنر، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: استان آذربایجان غربی به دلیل ویژگی‌های جغرافیایی و اقتصادی، دستخوش تغییرات قابل توجهی در بازار کار و اشتغال بوده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی روند تغییرات اشتغال در سه بخش کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات طی سال‌های ۱۳۹۰، ۱۳۹۵ و ۱۴۰۰ انجام شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی الگوی تغییرات اشتغال و تأثیر آن بر توسعه شهری استان آذربایجان غربی است.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش توصیفی - تحلیلی است و داده‌های آن از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و سالنامه‌های آماری کشور و استان جمع‌آوری شده است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها، از مدل تغییر سهم (Shift-Share) به منظور بررسی تأثیر عوامل ملی و ساختاری بر اشتغال، و از مدل ضریب مکانی (Location Quotient) برای تفکیک مشاغل پایه و غیرپایه استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که در سال‌های ۱۳۹۰ تا ۱۴۰۰، سهم اشتغال در بخش کشاورزی و صنعت کاهش یافته است، به طوری که سهم اشتغال در کشاورزی از ۳۷.۲ درصد به ۳۰.۴ درصد و در صنعت از ۲۴.۸ درصد به ۲۲.۳ درصد کاهش یافته است. در مقابل، بخش خدمات دولتی شاهد رشد قابل توجهی بوده است، سهم اشتغال در این بخش از ۲۳.۱ درصد به ۳۰.۱ درصد افزایش یافته است. این تغییرات نشان‌دهنده انتقال نیروی کار از بخش‌های کشاورزی و صنعتی به بخش خدمات است. نتیجه اصلی پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اشتغال در بخش‌های کشاورزی و صنعت کاهش یافته و به بخش خدمات انتقال یافته است، که نیازمند تقویت متوازن این بخش‌ها برای توسعه پایدار شهری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of Employment Changes and Their Role in the Urban Development Process of West Azerbaijan Province (With Emphasis on the Share and Location Change Approach)

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Mohammadnejad 1
Mojtaba Azmoun 2
1 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning, and Arts, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning, and Arts, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction and Objectives: West Azerbaijan Province, due to its geographical and economic characteristics, has undergone significant changes in the labor market and employment. This study aims to investigate the trends in employment changes across three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services during the years 2011, 2016, and 2021. The primary objective of this research is to identify the pattern of employment changes and its impact on the urban development of West Azerbaijan Province.
Research Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study, and the data were collected from library resources and the statistical yearbooks of the country and province. For data analysis, the Shift-Share model was utilized to assess the impact of national and structural factors on employment, and the Location Quotient model was used to differentiate between primary and non-primary jobs.
Findings and Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal that between 2011 and 2021, employment in the agricultural and industrial sectors decreased, with the share of employment in agriculture falling from 37.2% to 30.4%, and in industry from 24.8% to 22.3%. In contrast, the public services sector experienced significant growth, with the share of employment in this sector increasing from 23.1% to 30.1%. These changes indicate a shift in labor from the agricultural and industrial sectors to the services sector. The main conclusion of the research shows that employment in agriculture and industry has declined and shifted towards services, highlighting the need for a balanced strengthening of these sectors for sustainable urban development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Employment Changes
Regional Economic Analysis
Urban Development
Sustainable Development
West Azerbaijan
Bruyn, Amini, H., et al. (2017). The Impact of Urban Development on Economic Inequality in West Azerbaijan Province. Urban Studies Journal. [In Persian].
Asgari, A, (2003). dynamic urban economy, efficient urban management, municipalities monthly, year 5, number 53, pp. 18-21 [In Persian].
Bakhtiari, S, & Yahyaabadi, A. (2002). the analysis of the structural change in employment and shifting labour between economic sectors in iran. research bulletin of isfahan university (humanities), 12(1-2), 55-76. https://sid.ir/paper/24911/en  [In Persian].    
Farhodi, R.a., & Mohammadi, A. (2006). investigation and forecast of employment in sanandaj, using the “shift-share” model. geographical research quarterly, 38(55), 189-202 sid. https://sid.ir/paper/5556/en   [In Persian].
Farshadfar, Z, & Asghar por, H. (2010). studying the employment generating relative advantage in economic sectors of kermanshah province., knowledge & technology, 1(2), 60. magiran.com/p798867.  [In Persian].
Fernández, M, & Menéndez. A. (2006), spatial shift-share analysis versus spatial filtering. an application to the spanish employment, 46 congress of the european regional science association, volos. greece, pp.1-21.
Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. Yale University Press.
Jafari samimi, A, & Shafiee, Sh. (2002). an investigation of the employment, exporting & value added comparative advantage of the textile industry in the mazandaran province. journal of sustainable growth and development (the economic research), 1(3), 113-130 sid. https://sid.ir/paper/86491/en [In Persian].   
Kalantari, K. (2001). regional planning and development (theories and techniques), khoshbin publications, anwar danesh [In Persian].
Karbasi, A., Asnashari, H, & Aghel, H. (2008). forecasting agricultural sector employment in iran. journal of agricultural economics and development, 22(2), [In Persian].
Kermani,S, & Jamshidi, R. (2001). analysis of the employment trend and its structural changes in the industry sector in different provinces of the country. economic research (sustainable growth and development) , 1 (1), 4-16 http://noo.rs/yix2t   [In Persian].
Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Macmillan.
Knudsen, C. (2002), shift-share analysis: further examination of models for the description of economic change, department of geography, bloomington, usa.
Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
Masrinejad, s, & turki, l. (2004). analysis of employment structure in the major economic sectors of urban areas of iran during the period (1993-2003) ("shift-shore method" share change approach and "location quotient" lq index). macroeconomics research letter, 4 (15), 109-128 https://jes.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_151.html   [In Persian].
Myrdal, G. (1957). Economic Theory and Under-developed Regions. Duckworth.
Pedram, M, & Habibifar, M. (2009). the survey on the long-term relationship of labor demand and effective factors in iran’s industry sector, by using johansen co-integration test. economic research review, -(3 (supplement)), 141-161 sid. https://sid.ir/paper/67227/en  [In Persian].   
Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. John Murray.
Rostami, S. (2019). Migration and Social Inequalities in West Azerbaijan Province. Social and Economic Development Journal.
Sarvar, H., Poortaheri, M., Parhizkar, A, & Kazemiyan, Gh.R. (2010). economic globalization and sustainability challenges in tehran metropolitan area. spatial planning (modares human sciences), 14(2 (66)), 23-42. https://sid.ir/paper/171936/en    [In Persian].
Shahabadi, A. (2005). the sources of the service sector growth of the economy of iran. journal of economic essays, 2(3), 35-60 sid. https://sid.ir/paper/108889/en  [In Persian].
Shirazi, A., et al. (2020). Urban Sustainable Development and Employment in West Azerbaijan Province. Urban and Regional Planning Quarterly. [In Persian].
Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. (2011). Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. [In Persian].
Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. (2016). Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. [In Persian].
Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. (2021). Statistical and Economic Yearbook of Iran. [In Persian].
Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province. (2011). Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province.
Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province. (2016). Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province.
Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province. (2021). Statistical Yearbook of West Azerbaijan Province.
Zahdi, M. (2018). Employment Changes in Various Economic Sectors in West Azerbaijan Province. Geography and Economic Development Journal.
Zhu, H., qian, j., gao, y. (2011), globalization and the production of city image in guangzhou's metro station advertisements, cities, 28, pp. 221-229.
Ziari, K, (1999). principles and methods of regional planning, first edition, yazd university publications. [In Persian]  
Ziari, K. (2001). analysis and planning of employment in yazd province. geographical research, 16(2 (61)) , 89-107. sid https://sid.ir/paper/29794/en   [In Persian].
دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20
تابستان 1404
صفحه 184-197

  • تاریخ دریافت 20 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 26 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 شهریور 1404