18.شناسایی و رتبه بندی عوامل مؤثر بر تأمین مالی کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی و غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده پردیس بین المللی ارس ، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد گروه توسعه و برنامه ریزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تأمین مالی، رکن اصلی رشد و پایداری کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط (SMEs) است که در ایجاد اشتغال، افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی و نوآوری نقش کلیدی دارند و در استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی و غربی، با وجود پتانسیل‌هایی مانند موقعیت مرزی و مناطق آزاد تجاری، با چالش‌هایی نظیر فرآیندهای پیچیده اخذ وام، وثایق سنگین و نرخ بهره بالا مواجه‌اند. این پژوهش به شناسایی، تحلیل و رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر تأمین مالی SMEs در این استان‌ها می‌پردازد تا راهنمایی عملی برای سیاست‌گذاران ارائه دهد.
 روش‌شناسی: این مطالعه از روش آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) استفاده کرد. در فاز کیفی، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۸ خبره (انتخاب هدفمند) و تحلیل مضمون با نرم‌افزار ژوپیتر نوت‌بوک عوامل اولیه را شناسایی کرد. در فاز کمی، داده‌های ۱۰۰ مدیر SME با تکنیک‌های DEMATELو  DANP  تحلیل شد. محاسبات با پایتون انجام و پایایی (آلفای کرونباخ ۰.۹۱۸) و روایی (تحلیل عاملی با ۶۹.۹ درصد واریانس) تأیید شد.
 نتایج و یافته‌ها: عوامل کلیدی شامل دسترسی به وام‌ها (وزن ۰.۰۷۶۶۰۲)، حمایت‌های دولتی (وزن ۰.۰۷۷۰۰۸) و اعتبار مالی (وزن ۰.۰۷۶۹۷۷) هستند. مولفه‌های مهم شامل برنامه تجاری دقیق و تجربه مدیریتی شناسایی شدند. پیشنهاد می‌شود با تسهیلات انعطاف‌پذیر و حمایت‌های هدفمند، دسترسی SMEs بهبود یابد. نوآوری پژوهش در استفاده از DEMATEL و DANP برای تحلیل روابط پیچیده در بستر خاص این استان‌هاست، ارائه چارچوبی عملی برای سیاست‌گذاری که می‌تواند الگویی برای سایر مناطق باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Identifying and ranking factors affecting financing of small and medium-sized businesses in East and West Azerbaijan provinces

نویسندگان English

Ali Mahamad Salahi 1
Reza Ranjpour 2
Sajad Naghdi 3
Zahra Karimi Tekanloo 4
1 PhD student in Economic Sciences, Aras international campus, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Professor, Development and Planning Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Financing is a critical pillar for the growth and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which play a key role in job creation, GDP growth, and innovation. In East and West Azerbaijan provinces, despite potentials such as border locations and free trade zones, SMEs face challenges like complex loan acquisition processes, heavy collateral requirements, and high interest rates. This study aims to identify, analyze, and rank factors affecting SME financing in these provinces to provide practical guidance for policymakers.
Methodology: This study employed a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with 18 experts (purposively selected) and thematic analysis using Jupyter Notebook identified initial factors. In the quantitative phase, data from 100 SME managers were analyzed using DEMATEL and DANP techniques. Calculations were performed in Python, with reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.918) and validity (factor analysis explaining 69.9% of variance) confirmed.
Results and Findings: Key factors include access to loans (weight: 0.076602), government support (weight: 0.077008), and financial credit (weight: 0.076977). Critical components identified include a detailed business plan and managerial experience. It is recommended to enhance SME access through flexible financing and targeted support.The study’s innovation lies in using DEMATEL and DANP to analyze complex relationships in the specific context of these provinces, offering a practical framework for policymaking that can serve as a model for other regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: Financing
Small and Medium Enterprises
DEMATEL
DANP
East and West Azerbaijan
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