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قیمت‌گذاری بهینه پارکینگ‌های عمومی منتخب(مورد مطالعه: منطقه 5 شهر اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

ناهید گوهرتاش 1
بابک صفاری 2
ناصر یارمحمدیان 3

1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران.

3 استادیار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: مدیریت پارکینگ یکی از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای مدیریت حمل‌ونقل شهری است که می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در بهبود عملکرد شبکه ترافیکی، کاهش ازدحام، صرفه‌جویی در مصرف سوخت و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی شهری ایفا کند. در میان راهبردهای مدیریت تقاضای سفر، قیمت‌گذاری پارکینگ به‌عنوان یک ابزار اقتصادی کارآمد، امکان کنترل تقاضای پارک، کاهش ترافیک ناشی از جست‌وجوی فضای پارک و بهره‌برداری بهینه از فضاهای محدود شهری را فراهم می‌سازد.
روش شناسی: هدف این پژوهش تعیین قیمت‌های بهینه پارکینگ در ساعات مختلف روز برای پارکینگ‌های منتخب منطقه 5 شهر اصفهان با استفاده از برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مبتنی بر تعادل نش است. در این مدل، رانندگان با در نظر گرفتن هزینه‌های رانندگی، هزینه پارکینگ، هزینه زمانی جست‌وجوی فضای پارک و هزینه پیاده‌روی، پارکینگی را انتخاب می‌کنند که حداقل هزینه تعمیم‌یافته سفر را برای آنها به همراه داشته باشد. شبکه مورد مطالعه شامل پنج مبدأ (توحید، پل فلزی، پل آذر، حکیم نظامی، محتشم و شریعتی)، سه مقصد (حکیم نظامی، نظر و جلفا) و سه پارکینگ عمومی (توحید، خاقانی و جلفا) است. قیمت‌های بهینه و میزان اشغال پارکینگ‌ها در هشت بازه زمانی مختلف با حل مسئله حداقل‌سازی هزینه شبکه تعیین شد.
نتایج و یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که قیمت‌های بهینه در طول روز متناسب با تغییرات تقاضا و حجم ترافیک تغییر می‌کنند؛ به‌گونه‌ای که میانگین قیمت بهینه برای پارکینگ توحید 7040 تومان، پارکینگ جلفا 8520 تومان و پارکینگ خاقانی 9140 تومان برآورد شد. همچنین بیشترین ظرفیت بهینه متعلق به پارکینگ توحید با 308 فضای پارک، سپس پارکینگ خاقانی با 281 فضای پارک و پارکینگ جلفا با 88 فضای پارک بود. یافته‌ها بیانگر وجود رابطه مثبت میان قیمت‌های بهینه و میزان اشغال پارکینگ‌ها است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که الگوی اشغال پارکینگ‌ها به‌طور مستقیم از تغییرات حجم ترافیک تبعیت می‌کند، به‌طوری که در ساعات اوج ترافیک، میزان اشغال فضاهای پارک افزایش یافته و در ساعات کم‌ترافیک کاهش می‌یابد. در مجموع، نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از سیاست قیمت‌گذاری پویا و مبتنی بر شرایط تقاضا می‌تواند موجب تخصیص بهینه ظرفیت پارکینگ‌ها، کاهش ترددهای سرگردان در جست‌وجوی فضای پارک، کاهش هزینه‌های شبکه و بهبود کارایی سیستم حمل‌ونقل شهری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترافیک
پارکینگ‌های عمومی
قیمت‌گذاری پارکینگ
مدیریت پارکینگ
فضای اشغالی
اصفهان
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Optimal pricing of selected public parking lots(Case study of Region 5 of Isfahan city)

نویسندگان English

Nahid Gohartash 1
Babak Safari 2
Naser Yarmohammadian 3
1 Department of Economics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Isfahan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Isfahan University of Art, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Parking management is one of the most important instruments of urban transportation management. Appropriate parking pricing policies can significantly influence traffic efficiency, travel behavior, and urban quality of life. Among transportation demand management strategies, urban network pricing has been recognized as an effective mechanism for addressing two major urban transportation challenges, namely traffic congestion and environmental pollution. In this context, parking pricing can be employed as an economic tool to regulate parking demand, reduce cruising traffic, improve network performance, and optimize the utilization of limited urban land resources. This study aims to determine optimal parking prices for selected parking facilities in District 5 of Isfahan City by employing a mathematical programming framework based on Nash equilibrium. The proposed model minimizes total network costs while accounting for the equilibrium behavior of drivers in their parking location choices.
Methodology: The analytical framework assumes that travelers select parking facilities by minimizing their generalized travel costs, which consist of driving costs, parking fees, parking search time costs, and walking costs from parking locations to final destinations. Given fixed parking locations and travel destinations, optimal parking prices are determined through a network cost minimization problem under equilibrium conditions. The empirical analysis focuses on District 5 of Isfahan City. The study network consists of five origins (Tohid, Pole Felezi, Pole Azar, Hakim Nezami, and Mohtasham–Shariati), three major destinations (Hakim Nezami, Nazar, and Jolfa), and three public parking facilities (Tohid, Khaghani, and Jolfa). Traffic and parking demand data were analyzed over eight hourly periods. The optimization model was solved for each time period to estimate optimal parking prices and occupancy levels.
Results and findings: The results reveal significant temporal variations in optimal parking prices across the selected facilities. The average optimal parking fees were estimated at 7,040 Tomans for Tohid Parking, 8,520 Tomans for Jolfa Parking, and 9,140 Tomans for Khaghani Parking. Furthermore, the estimated optimal parking capacities indicate that Tohid Parking accommodates the highest average occupancy level with 308 parking spaces, followed by Khaghani Parking with 281 spaces and Jolfa Parking with 88 spaces. The findings also demonstrate a positive relationship between optimal parking prices and parking occupancy levels, suggesting relatively inelastic parking demand within the study area. This behavior can be attributed to the concentration of commercial, service, and recreational activities in District 5, which generates a stable demand for parking facilities despite changes in parking fees. The analysis further shows that parking occupancy closely follows traffic volume fluctuations throughout the day. As traffic demand increases during peak periods, parking utilization rises correspondingly, while reductions in traffic volumes are associated with lower parking occupancy rates. This finding highlights the strong interdependence between parking demand and urban traffic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Traffic
public parking lots
parking pricing
occupied space
Isfahan
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  • تاریخ دریافت 29 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 27 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 22 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 آذر 1405

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