مطالعه تغییرات کاربری اراضی دشت ارومیه با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست (2020-1984)

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد برنامه ریزی آمایش سرزمین، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: دشت ارومیه به‌عنوان یکی از حساسترین اکوسیستم‌های غرب کشور، در دهه‌های اخیر تحت تأثیر فشارهای انسانی و تغییرات محیطی، دستخوش تحولات گسترده‌ای در کاربری اراضی شده است. این تغییرات می‌تواند پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیری بر امنیت غذایی، معیشت جوامع محلی و سلامت محیط‌زیست داشته باشد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و تحلیل کمی روند تغییرات کاربری و پوشش زمین در دشت ارومیه طی یک بازه زمانی ۳۶ ساله (2020-1984) با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست است.
روش‌شناسی: در این مطالعه از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست 5 (TM)، لندست 7 (ETM+) و لندست 8 (OLI) مربوط به سال‌های ۱۹۸۴، ۲۰۰۰ و ۲۰۲۰ استفاده شد. پس از انجام پیش‌پردازش‌های لازم، طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده با الگوریتم حداکثر احتمال در نرم‌افزار ENVI اجرا گردید. نقشه‌های کاربری در شش کلاس اصلی (کشاورزی و باغ، مرتع، انسان‌ساخت، مناطق بایر، آب و نمکزار) استخراج و صحت آن‌ها با استفاده از ماتریس خطا و شاخص‌های دقت کلی و ضریب کاپا ارزیابی شد.
نتایج و یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در طول دوره مورد مطالعه، سطوح کشاورزی و باغ (از ۲۲ درصد به ۲۶ درصد) و انسان‌ساخت افزایش یافته، در حالی که پهنه‌های آبی (33 درصد) و مراتع (22 درصد) روندی کاهشی و نگران‌کننده داشته‌اند. همزمان، مساحت مناطق بایر و نمکزارها نیز افزایش یافته است. مقایسه دو مقطع زمانی نشان می‌دهد روند تخریب به‌ویژه پس از سال ۲۰۰۰ شتاب گرفته و یک چرخه معیوب تخریب شکل گرفته است که لزوم بازنگری فوری در راهبردهای مدیریتی را آشکار می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessing Land Use Changes in the Urmia Plain Using Landsat Satellite Imagery (1984-2020)

نویسندگان English

Farzaneh Saidpour 1
Alireza Jamshidi 2
khadijeh Javan 3
1 M.S. in land use planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: The Urmia Plain, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems in western Iran, has undergone extensive land use transformations in recent decades under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and environmental changes. These changes can have irreversible consequences for food security, local livelihoods, and environmental health. This study aimed to identify and quantitatively analyze the trends of land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Urmia Plain over a 36-year period (1984-2020) using Landsat satellite imagery.
Methodology: This study utilized Landsat 5 (TM), Landsat 7 (ETM+), and Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite images from 1984, 2000, and 2020. After performing necessary preprocessing steps, supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) algorithm was implemented in ENVI software. Land use maps were extracted for six main classes (agriculture and orchard, rangeland, built-up, barren land, water bodies, and salt marshes), and their accuracy was assessed using an error matrix and the metrics of overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Results and Findings: The results indicated that over the study period, the extent of agriculture and orchard lands (increasing from 22% to 26%) and built-up areas increased, while water bodies (33%) and rangelands (22%) experienced a concerning declining trend. Concurrently, the area of barren lands and salt marshes also increased. A comparison of the two time periods revealed that the degradation process has accelerated, particularly after the year 2000, leading to the establishment of a detrimental degradation cycle, which underscores the urgent need for revising management strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Change Detection
Remote Sensing
Landsat
Maximum Likelihood Classifier
Urmia Plain
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  • تاریخ دریافت 17 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 20 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 20 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 آذر 1405