Abstract
Background and Objective: Azerbaijan, with its ancient name Atropatekan, located in the northwest of the Iranian plateau, is a geostrategic region with special capacities. The aim of this research is to study the importance of the position of Azerbaijan, especially Shiz (present-day Takht of Solomon) in the Sassanid period, and to examine the influential components of this importance.
Methodology: This research was conducted using the method of library studies and a descriptive-analytical approach. The materials are presented based on reliable historical texts and archaeological articles and reports.
Research Questions: The questions raised include the reasons for the Sassanids' greater attention to the geographical area of Azerbaijan; In other words, on what indicators did the Sassanid Empire strengthen and expand its sphere of power in Azerbaijan, especially Shiz (Ganzak)? What impact did these indicators have on the expansion and development of the Sassanid Empire?; Can geographical features, natural features, and proximity to borders be the reason for the importance of this region and religious centralization?
Results: The results of the research show that the geography and geopolitical borders of the region, the abundance of water resources, fertile soil and suitable agricultural base, mines, and transportation routes, were important potentials in Sasanian Azerbaijan and had indescribable strategic value. One of the reasons for the success of the Sasanian kings in various wars and conquests is the geo-strategic location of Azerbaijan. This is why the Sasanian victor adopted the strategy of reviving and establishing new cities along the trade routes from the northeast to the northwest borders; The construction of large water supply facilities during the Khosrow era, the strategy of concentrating power in Shiz and developing scientific centers in this city, the creation of defensive fortifications throughout Azerbaijan, the exploitation of rich mineral resources and the construction of iron smelting furnaces have strengthened the circle of power and the stability of the government in actualizing and exploiting these potentials.