ارزیابی و تحلیل خطر وقوع زمین لغزش با استفاده از مدل جنگل تصادفی و قابلیت‌های سامانه‌های GEE و GIS (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز ناورود، گیلان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: زمین‌لغزش یکی از مهم‌ترین مخاطرات طبیعی در مناطق کوهستانی و مرطوب شمال ایران به‌شمار می‌رود که هر ساله خسارات قابل توجهی به منابع طبیعی، زیرساخت‌ها و سکونتگاه‌های انسانی وارد می‌کند. حوضه آبخیز ناورود در استان گیلان، به دلیل شرایط توپوگرافی پیچیده، بارش‌های نسبتاً زیاد و مداخلات انسانی، از جمله مناطق مستعد وقوع زمین‌لغزش محسوب می‌شود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی خطر وقوع زمین‌لغزش و تعیین اهمیت متغیرهای مؤثر با استفاده از مدل جنگل تصادفی و قابلیت‌های سامانه گوگل ارث انجین و سیستم اطلاعات مکانی در حوضه آبخیز ناورود است. روش شناسی: این پژوهش از نوع تحلیلی–کاربردی بوده و در آن ۱۱ عامل مؤثر شامل شیب، جهت شیب، ارتفاع، زمین‌شناسی، کاربری اراضی، پوشش گیاهی، انحنای دامنه، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از آبراهه، فاصله از گسل و بارش سالانه به‌عنوان متغیرهای مستقل انتخاب شدند. لایه‌های اطلاعاتی با استفاده از داده‌های سنجش از دور، مدل رقومی ارتفاعی آلوس پالسار با قدرت تفکیک مکانی 5/1 متر، نقشه‌های زمین‌شناسی و داده‌های هواشناسی تهیه و پس از فازی‌سازی و نرمال‌سازی، وارد فرآیند مدل‌سازی شدند. نقشه پراکنش زمین‌لغزش‌ها شامل ۱۵۰ نقطه لغزشی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و اطلاعات میدانی تهیه و داده‌ها به دو بخش آموزشی (۷۰ درصد) و اعتبارسنجی (۳۰ درصد) تقسیم شدند. مدل جنگل تصادفی در محیط Google Earth Engine اجرا و نقشه نهایی خطر زمین‌لغزش در پنج کلاس بسیار کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و بسیار زیاد تولید شد. نتایج و یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که حدود ۳۲ درصد از مساحت حوضه در طبقات خطر زیاد و بسیار زیاد قرار دارد که عمدتاً در بخش‌های مرتفع و دامنه‌های پرشیب شمال‌غربی و جنوب‌غربی متمرکز هستند. همچنین تحلیل اهمیت متغیرها نشان داد که شیب، ارتفاع، بارش، کاربری اراضی و فاصله از جاده بیش‌ترین نقش را در وقوع زمین‌لغزش دارند. ارزیابی عملکرد مدل با استفاده از منحنی ROC نشان داد که مقدار AUC در مرحله اعتبارسنجی برابر با 897/0 است که بیانگر دقت و توان پیش‌بینی بسیار خوب مدل جنگل تصادفی در شناسایی مناطق مستعد زمین‌لغزش می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Using the Random Forest Model and the Capabilities of GEE and GIS (Case Study: Navroud Watershed, Gilan Province)

نویسندگان English

Somayeh Sadat Shahzeidi 1
Tayebeh Babaei olam 2
Mousa Abedini 3
1 Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Ph.D Student, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Landslides are among the most significant natural hazards in the mountainous and humid regions of northern Iran, causing substantial damage to natural resources, infrastructure, and human settlements each year. The Navroud watershed in Gilan Province is considered highly susceptible to landslide occurrence due to its complex topography, relatively high precipitation, and intensive human activities. The primary objective of this study is to assess and map landslide susceptibility and to determine the relative importance of the influencing factors using the Random Forest model in combination with the capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within the Navroud watershed. Methodology: This research adopts an applied–analytical approach, in which eleven landslide-conditioning factors including slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use, vegetation cover, slope curvature, distance to roads, distance to drainage networks, distance to faults, and annual precipitation were selected as independent variables. The required thematic layers were generated using remote sensing data, the ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m, geological maps, and meteorological data. After fuzzification and normalization, the datasets were integrated into the modeling process. A landslide inventory map comprising 150 landslide locations was prepared based on satellite imagery interpretation and field observations, and the data were divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) subsets. The Random Forest model was implemented in the Google Earth Engine environment, and the final landslide susceptibility map was produced in five classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Results and findings: The results indicate that approximately 32% of the watershed area falls within the high and very high susceptibility classes, predominantly concentrated in the elevated and steep slopes of the northwestern ad southwestern parts of the basin. Furthermore, variable importance analysis revealed that slope, elevation, precipitation, land use, and distance to roads are the most influential factors controlling landslide occurrence. Model performance evaluation using the ROC curve showed that the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value during the validation stage was 0.897, demonstrating the high accuracy and strong predictive capability of the Random Forest model in identifying landslide-prone areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Landslide
Random Forest (RF) algorithm
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve
GIS
Navroud watershed
Gilan Province
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دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24
تابستان 1405
صفحه 560-577

  • تاریخ دریافت 06 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 04 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 06 مرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 شهریور 1405