تحـولات سیاسـت‌های مسـکن روستـایی در ایـران (از پیش از انقلاب تا پس از انقلاب اسلامی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی توسعه اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری سلامت و رفاه اجتماعی دانشگاه علوم توانبخشی و سلامت اجتماعی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: مسکن روستایی در ایران، علیرغم نقش محوری در توسعه پایدار و امنیت ملی، همواره در حاشیه سیاست‌های توسعه قرار داشته است. این پژوهش با هدف تبیین تحولات سیاست‌های مسکن روستایی در ایران طی دو دوره پیش و پس از انقلاب اسلامی (۱۳۳۵-۱۳۹۰) و ارزیابی میزان موفقیت این سیاست‌ها در دستیابی به مسکن ایمن، باکیفیت و متناسب با زیست‌بوم روستایی انجام شده است.
روش‌شناسی: این مطالعه از نوع کاربردی با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر تحلیل ثانویه کمی است. داده‌ها از سرشماری‌های نفوس و مسکن، گزارش‌های بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی و اسناد برنامه‌های توسعه جمع‌آوری شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل چهار شاخص اصلی (تعداد واحدهای مسکونی، دسترسی به خدمات زیربنایی، نرخ مالکیت و تراکم خانوار) بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل روندهای تاریخی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها و نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که در دوره پیش از انقلاب، بیش از ۵۲ درصد واحدهای مسکونی روستایی با مصالح کم‌دوام ساخته شده بودند و کمتر از ۹ درصد به آب لوله‌کشی دسترسی داشتند. پس از انقلاب، تأسیس بنیاد مسکن، اجرای طرح‌های هادی (پوشش ۷۰ درصد روستاها)، برنامه‌های مقاوم‌سازی (تحقق ۶۰ درصدی) و اعطای تسهیلات بانکی (نوسازی ۲۶۰ هزار واحد) موجب تحول کمی و کیفی شد. با این حال، حذف فضاهای معیشتی، کاهش زیربنا (۵۵-۶۵ متر مربع) و تقلید از الگوی مسکن شهری از چالش‌های اصلی باقی‌مانده است. در مجموع سیاست‌های مسکن روستایی در ایران موفقیتی نسبی اما ناقص داشته است. مسیر آینده نیازمند توجه به ابعاد کیفی، فرهنگی و معیشتی و حرکت به سوی رویکردی مشارکتی و مردم‌پایه است. نوآوری پژوهش در تحلیل همزمان چهار شاخص کلیدی در بازه زمانی بلندمدت (بیش از پنج دهه) است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evolution of Rural Housing Policies in Iran (From Pre-Revolution to Post-Islamic Revolution)

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Mohammadi 1
Mahdieh Ma'dani Mallak 2
1 PhD student in Sociology of Social Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD student in Health and Social Welfare, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Rural housing in Iran, despite its central role in sustainable development and national security, has always been marginalized in development policies. This study aims to explain the evolution of rural housing policies in Iran during two periods, pre- and post-Islamic Revolution (1956-2011), and to evaluate the success of these policies in achieving safe, high-quality housing appropriate for the rural way of life.
Methodology: This is an applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach based on secondary quantitative analysis. Data were collected from population and housing censuses, reports of the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution, and development plan documents. The research instrument included four main indicators (number of residential units, access to basic infrastructure, ownership rate, and household density). Data analysis was conducted using historical trend analysis.
Results and Findings: Results show that before the Revolution, over 52% of rural housing units were built with low-durability materials, and less than 9% had access to piped water. After the Revolution, the establishment of the Housing Foundation, implementation of rural guide plans (covering 70% of villages), retrofitting programs (60% achievement in the Fourth Development Plan), and granting of banking facilities (renovation of 260,000 units by 2011) led to quantitative and qualitative transformation. However, the elimination of livelihood spaces, reduction of floor area (55-65 m²), and imitation of urban housing patterns remain key challenges. Overall, Iran's rural housing policies have achieved relative but incomplete success. The future path requires attention to qualitative, cultural, and livelihood dimensions and movement toward a participatory and people-centered approach. The innovation of this research lies in the simultaneous analysis of four key indicators over a long-term period (more than five decades).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Rural Development
Rural Housing
Institutional Changes
Rural Housing Policy-making
Rural Guide Plan
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  • تاریخ دریافت 14 اسفند 1404
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